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采用土工离心机试验,研究正断层和逆断层错动引起上覆饱和黏土层在20步连续断层错动作用下的变形特性以及裂缝扩展的规律。研究结果显示,正断层错动后地表呈现多条且平行断层面的张拉裂缝,随着错动量的增大,正断层破裂逐渐偏离基岩断层的错动方向,偏向上盘一侧,裂缝逐渐向上盘的方向开裂,裂缝主要发生在断层延长线附近;逆断层错动后地表裂缝均分布在上盘,而且离断层尖端延长线较远,产生的裂缝较细、数量较少,随着断层错动量的增大,地表位移增大,靠近断层下盘一侧的地表受断层错动影响较小,位于断层上盘一侧的地表则随着断层错动显著移动;随着断层错动量的增大,最大地表坡度随之增大,正断层引起的最大坡度的位置逐渐向上盘方向移动,逆断层引起的最大坡度的位置逐渐向下盘方向移动,逆断层的影响范围比正断层的影响范围更广。
The geotechnical centrifuge test was used to study the deformation characteristics of the overburden layer and the crack propagation under the action of the 20-step continuous faults. The results show that the surface of the normal fault shows a number of parallel and fractured surface tension fractures. With the increase of the amount of misalignment, the normal fault ruptures gradually deviate from the direction of the bedrock faults and deviate to the side of the upper plate and the cracks And gradually cracked in the direction of the upper plate. The fractures mainly occurred in the vicinity of the fault extension line. The surface fractures were all distributed in the upper plate after the fault was displaced and the fissures were thinner and smaller than that of the fault tip. The increase of fault offset and the increase of surface displacements have little effect on the ground surface near the fault disk. The surface located on the side of the upper plate of the fault moves significantly along the faults. As the amount of fault slip , The maximum slope gradually increases. The position of the maximum gradient caused by normal faults gradually moves to the upper plate. The location of the maximum gradient caused by the reverse fault gradually moves toward the lower plate. The influence range of the reverse fault is smaller than that of the normal fault Impact a wider range.