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研究结果表明,在3类不同群落结构的云南松林中,调节和涵养水分、保持水土的能力均以复层林最好,禾草一云南松林居中,疏林最差;林冠截留率分别为13.4％,9.3％和7.9％;地表枯枝落叶层的最大持水量分别为65.8t/ha,46.6t/ha和6.7t/ha;年平均冲刷量分别为0.015t/ha,0.088t/ha和0.452t/ha,径流深分别为4.32mm,15.59mm和85.57mm;径流系数分别为0.60％,2.16％和11.85％。此外,长期受人为干扰、结构简单的疏林地土壤含水量及表土层中有机质、全N、速效态P、K元素含量都明显地低于其它两类林地。本文最后提出,为了提高森林水文效益,一方面要营造具有多层结构的云南松针阔混交林,另一方面也要注意保护林下地被植物和枯枝落叶。
The results showed that among the three types of Pinus yunnanensis forest, the ability of regulating and conserving water and keeping soil and water were the best in the multi-layered forest, while that of the grassland was the lowest. The canopy interception rate was 13.4% , 9.3% and 7.9% respectively. The maximum water holding capacity of the litter layer on the surface was 65.8t / ha, 46.6t / ha and 6.7t / ha, respectively. The annual average erosion volume was 0.015t / ha, 0.088t / ha and 0.452 t / ha. The runoff depth was 4.32mm, 15.59mm and 85.57mm, respectively. The runoff coefficients were 0.60%, 2.16% and 11.85% respectively. In addition, long-term human disturbance, simple structure of soil moisture in the soil and the topsoil organic matter, total N, available P, K content were significantly lower than the other two types of forest land. Finally, in order to improve the hydrological benefits of the forest, we must create a multi-layer structure of pine needles and broad-leaved mixed forests on the one hand, and on the other hand, we should also pay attention to protecting under-ground cover plants and litter.