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目的探讨甲缩醛检测的方法及调查甲缩醛职业暴露情况,为职业健康提供指导。方法用气相色谱法,随机抽取3次样品,测定混料预热车间、预反应车间、催化精馏车间、冷凝灌装车间的甲缩醛阈限值—时间加权平均(TLV-TWA)值。以2009年职业暴露情况为对照,于2010年初即对工人进行安全培训,加强制度管理,测量工人2010—2012年职业暴露发生率,并计算工作岗位、暴露方式、暴露地点的分别构成情况。结果甲缩醛在冷凝灌装车间空气中的TLV-TWA值为2 567 ppm,显著高于其他车间(P<0.05);2009—2012年,单位职业暴露发生率依次为6.63%、4.63%、3.87%、3.63%,其中2011—2012年职业暴露率与2009年相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.12、7.40,均P<0.05);与其他车间相比,主要暴露场所是冷凝灌装车间职业暴露76人,占50.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论气相色谱可以应用于工作场所空气中甲缩醛的测定。通过加强管理,提高安全意识,可以有效地降低甲缩醛的职业暴露率,并且为寻找重点防护车间、重点预防暴露途径提供参考,为预防工厂职业暴露发生提供了新思路、新途径。
Objective To explore the method of methylal detection and investigate the occupational exposure of methylal to provide guidance for occupational health. Methods Gas chromatography was used to randomly select three samples to determine methylal threshold-time weighted average (TLV-TWA) values in mixed feed pre-heating, pre-reaction, catalytic distillation and condensing filling plants. Occupational exposure in 2009 as a control, in early 2010 that is, workers in safety training, strengthening system management, measuring workers occupational exposure from 2010-2012 incidence, and calculate the jobs, exposure patterns, the location of the exposure of the situation. Results The TLV-TWA value of methylal in the air of condensing filling workshop was 2 567 ppm, which was significantly higher than that of other workshops (P <0.05). The occupational exposure rates of units were 6.63% and 4.63% respectively from 2009 to 2012, 3.87% and 3.63%, respectively. The occupational exposure rate in 2011-2012 decreased significantly compared with that in 2009, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.12 and 7.40, all P <0.05). Compared with other workshops, the main exposure There were 76 occupational exposures in the condensation filling workshop, accounting for 50.67% of the total, with significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion Gas chromatography can be applied to the determination of methylal in workplace air. By strengthening management and raising awareness of safety, it can effectively reduce the occupational exposure rate of methylal, and provide a reference for searching key protective workshops and focusing on prevention of exposure, which provides new ideas and new ways to prevent factory occupational exposure.