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定语从句是高中所学的四大从句之一，也是近些年来高考的热点题型，常常以单选或改错等形式出现在全国各地的高考试卷中。然而同时，定语从句又是学生学习的难点，特别是“介词+关系代词”所引导的定语从句，学生在使用时，总是对介词的选择感到迷茫。为此我集十余年高中英语教学经验，立足教材，拓展知识，诠释难点，定位高考，希望对英语教学有所帮助。
第一部分：理论
一、依据先行词选择适合句意的介词，“介词+关系代词”构成逻辑上的介词短语，与从句之间表现为状语关系，如：
1.In Barcelona the Chinese team got in gold medals， of which 12 were won by women.
2.Chaplin， for whom money was now no problem， started a new film company with his friends.
二、依据从句动词选择合适的介词，构成“介词+关系代词”（此种情况下，从句的动词为动词短语，介词可提前也可不提前），“介词+关系代词”与关系代词之间表现为“动宾关系”，如：
1.He was respected by the people with whom he worked.（正式）
2.He was respected by the people （that） he worked with.（非正式）
3.Some of the games in which the young men competed were running， jumping and wrestling.
4.The long march was the topic about which we used to talk when we were young .
三、依據先行词的变化选择介词，构成“介词+which”，与定语从句运词表现为“状语关系”，如：
1.The days on which foreign oil was used in china went by and will never come back.
2.The cathedral in which there are lots of devout prayer is very famous for its building.
四、关系代词随先行词变化，只是“介词+关系代词”与定语从句中作宾语的名词表现为“修饰关系”，如：
1.We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories.
2.The college students will attend the lecture by professor Li about which they have guessed most of the contents.
五、介词+关系代词+名词（关系代词与名词之间是定语关系），如：
1.Chaplin went to the states in 1910， by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.
2.I decided to write about Chaplin， one of whose films I had seen several years before.
六、 从句的动词为成语动词（v.+ prep.）时，介词不能提前，此时“动词+介词”与关系代词表现为动宾关系，如：
1.Have you seen the registered letter which（that） he has been looking for all this morning？
2.Is this the very painting which/that you don’t care for ？
七、名词+of which或that……+名词of，也可用of which……+名词，如：
1.He has written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
2.He has written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.
3.He has written a book of which I have forgotten the name.
但以上三种形式都不如“whose+名词”通俗。
He has written a book whose name I have forgotten.
八、在关系从句中，which可以作为限定词与概括前面意思的名词连用，这一结构比较正式，主要用在介词后面，特别是在一些固定词组中，如：in which case， at which point.
1.She may be late， in which case we ought to wait for her.
他可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。
2.He lost his temper， at which point I decided to go home.
他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。
3.He was appointed Lord Chancellor，in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。
九、“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中起状语成份时，相当于when、where，但也不尽然，有时“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中作“定语”用，修饰从句中某一名词，如：
1.I’ll never forget the small village at which an old blind uncle brought me up.
（本句中at which 相当于where）在定语从句中作地点状语。
2.Old people will keep some miserable years in mind in which they led a simple life.
（本句中的in which相当于when，在定语从句中起时间状语。）
3.The professor came from Australia last week about whom we know many experiences.（本句中about whom 在定语从句中作many experiences的定语。 ）
十、在定语从句中，根据句意，如果from后面的关联词是指代主句中的地点状语部分，用from where；如果关联词指代主句中的某个名词，就用from which，如：
1.She was standing behind the curtain from where she could see what was happening outside.（本句中关联词where指的是behind the curtain这个状语部分，故用from where）
2.In nature， there is something more important than the sun， from which we get heat and light.（本句中关联词指代主句中的名词sun，故用from which）
以上十种情况都是“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中的表现形式，从中也不难看出每一种形式与从句之间的内在关系不尽相同，只有认真剖析它们之间的细微差别，从本质上真正掌握，即便该结构在高考中考查形式千变万化，考生也能从正面应对，以不变应万变。
第二部分：强化巩固
1.【2012山东】She showed the visitors around the museum， the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
2.【2012山东】Maria has written two novels， both of ___ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm， _____ many people have gone home.
A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase， _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
5.Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
6.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith， without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
7.【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject _____ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
8. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world， there is no room to spread out further， _____ New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
答案与解析：
1. C. The construction of the museum has taken 3 years.
2. C. 其中的兩本被拍成连续剧。
3. D. 先行词是 “5：30 pm”，many people have gone home by 5：30 pm.
4.？C. the price of which 相当于 whose price.
5. D. 在……过程中是 “in … process”
6. B. “help”和先行词 “Professor Smith”之间是所属关系。
7. C. “argue about sth.”意为某事争论。美国已经为控制枪支问题争论了很久。”
8. C. “an example of …” 意为“一个… …的例子。”
第一部分：理论
一、依据先行词选择适合句意的介词，“介词+关系代词”构成逻辑上的介词短语，与从句之间表现为状语关系，如：
1.In Barcelona the Chinese team got in gold medals， of which 12 were won by women.
2.Chaplin， for whom money was now no problem， started a new film company with his friends.
二、依据从句动词选择合适的介词，构成“介词+关系代词”（此种情况下，从句的动词为动词短语，介词可提前也可不提前），“介词+关系代词”与关系代词之间表现为“动宾关系”，如：
1.He was respected by the people with whom he worked.（正式）
2.He was respected by the people （that） he worked with.（非正式）
3.Some of the games in which the young men competed were running， jumping and wrestling.
4.The long march was the topic about which we used to talk when we were young .
三、依據先行词的变化选择介词，构成“介词+which”，与定语从句运词表现为“状语关系”，如：
1.The days on which foreign oil was used in china went by and will never come back.
2.The cathedral in which there are lots of devout prayer is very famous for its building.
四、关系代词随先行词变化，只是“介词+关系代词”与定语从句中作宾语的名词表现为“修饰关系”，如：
1.We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories.
2.The college students will attend the lecture by professor Li about which they have guessed most of the contents.
五、介词+关系代词+名词（关系代词与名词之间是定语关系），如：
1.Chaplin went to the states in 1910， by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.
2.I decided to write about Chaplin， one of whose films I had seen several years before.
六、 从句的动词为成语动词（v.+ prep.）时，介词不能提前，此时“动词+介词”与关系代词表现为动宾关系，如：
1.Have you seen the registered letter which（that） he has been looking for all this morning？
2.Is this the very painting which/that you don’t care for ？
七、名词+of which或that……+名词of，也可用of which……+名词，如：
1.He has written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
2.He has written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.
3.He has written a book of which I have forgotten the name.
但以上三种形式都不如“whose+名词”通俗。
He has written a book whose name I have forgotten.
八、在关系从句中，which可以作为限定词与概括前面意思的名词连用，这一结构比较正式，主要用在介词后面，特别是在一些固定词组中，如：in which case， at which point.
1.She may be late， in which case we ought to wait for her.
他可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。
2.He lost his temper， at which point I decided to go home.
他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。
3.He was appointed Lord Chancellor，in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。
九、“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中起状语成份时，相当于when、where，但也不尽然，有时“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中作“定语”用，修饰从句中某一名词，如：
1.I’ll never forget the small village at which an old blind uncle brought me up.
（本句中at which 相当于where）在定语从句中作地点状语。
2.Old people will keep some miserable years in mind in which they led a simple life.
（本句中的in which相当于when，在定语从句中起时间状语。）
3.The professor came from Australia last week about whom we know many experiences.（本句中about whom 在定语从句中作many experiences的定语。 ）
十、在定语从句中，根据句意，如果from后面的关联词是指代主句中的地点状语部分，用from where；如果关联词指代主句中的某个名词，就用from which，如：
1.She was standing behind the curtain from where she could see what was happening outside.（本句中关联词where指的是behind the curtain这个状语部分，故用from where）
2.In nature， there is something more important than the sun， from which we get heat and light.（本句中关联词指代主句中的名词sun，故用from which）
以上十种情况都是“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中的表现形式，从中也不难看出每一种形式与从句之间的内在关系不尽相同，只有认真剖析它们之间的细微差别，从本质上真正掌握，即便该结构在高考中考查形式千变万化，考生也能从正面应对，以不变应万变。
第二部分：强化巩固
1.【2012山东】She showed the visitors around the museum， the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
2.【2012山东】Maria has written two novels， both of ___ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm， _____ many people have gone home.
A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase， _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
5.Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
6.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith， without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
7.【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject _____ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
8. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world， there is no room to spread out further， _____ New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
答案与解析：
1. C. The construction of the museum has taken 3 years.
2. C. 其中的兩本被拍成连续剧。
3. D. 先行词是 “5：30 pm”，many people have gone home by 5：30 pm.
4.？C. the price of which 相当于 whose price.
5. D. 在……过程中是 “in … process”
6. B. “help”和先行词 “Professor Smith”之间是所属关系。
7. C. “argue about sth.”意为某事争论。美国已经为控制枪支问题争论了很久。”
8. C. “an example of …” 意为“一个… …的例子。”