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近年来,关于肾小管性酸中毒(RTA)的病例报告日渐增多,传统概念将本病分为1型(远端肾小管缺陷)、2型(近端肾小管缺陷)及3型(1、2型的混合)。1976年Sebastian等提出了4型RTA的名词。此型与其它型一样,表现为高血氯性酸中毒,但具有高钾血症而不是低血钾,临床表现也与其它类型明显不同。本病并非少见,至1981年仅英国文献即已报告81例,国内也已有报告。提高对本病的认识,将有助于防止病人发生致命性的高钾血症。
In recent years, reports of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) are increasing, the traditional concept of the disease will be divided into type 1 (distal tubule defects), type 2 (proximal tubular defects) and type 3 (1, 2 type mix). In 1976, Sebastian et al. Proposed the nomenclature of Type 4 RTA. This type, like other types, shows hyperchlorinated acidosis but hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia, and clinical manifestations are also significantly different from other types. This disease is not uncommon. By 1981, only 81 cases had been reported in the British literature, and domestic reports have also been reported. Awareness of the disease will help prevent the patient from developing life-threatening hyperkalemia.