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[目的]探讨高海拔地区胃黏膜患者的胃病发生情况,为临床诊断与治疗进行指导。[方法]于2001年10月～2009年10月收集了胃黏膜活检1 356例,患者均来自2 260～2 800 m高海拔地区,回顾性分析了1 356例胃黏膜临床病理诊断结果。[结果]在参与胃黏膜活检的1 356例患者中共检出慢性胃炎1 085例,占80.01%(1 085/1 356);慢性胃溃疡55例,占4.06%(55/1 356);胃恶性肿瘤137例,占10.10%(137/1 356);胃黏膜的不典型增生79例,占5.83%(79/1 356)。这表明在1 356例患者中慢性胃炎所占比例最高,其次是胃恶性肿瘤。然后,对慢性胃炎和胃恶性肿瘤患者的职业情况进行分析,结果发现慢性胃炎在不同职业患者中的发病率无明显差别(P﹥0.05),这表明慢性胃炎的城乡差别不大。而胃恶性肿中农牧民的发病率为13.16%;工人的发病率为4.98%;干部的发病率为7.14%;其他职业患者的发病率为4.90%。农牧民的发病率明显高于城市的工人发病率。[结论]应把胃肠疾病的防治和早期发现、早期治疗视为重点,加强农牧区卫生宣传工作和疾病防治工作,改善农牧民的生活条件,调整饮食习惯。
[Objective] To investigate the incidence of gastric diseases in patients with gastric mucosa at high altitude and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [Method] A total of 1 356 gastric biopsy specimens were collected from October 2001 to October 2009 in patients with high altitude from 2 260 to 2 800 m. The clinicopathological findings of 1 356 gastric mucosa were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] A total of 1 085 cases of chronic gastritis were found in 1 356 cases of gastric mucosal biopsy, accounting for 80.01% (1 085/1 356), 55 cases of chronic gastric ulcer (4.06%, 55/1 356), stomach 137 cases of malignant tumors, accounting for 10.10% (137/1 356); gastric dysplasia 79 cases, accounting for 5.83% (79/1 356). This indicates that the highest proportion of chronic gastritis occurs in 1 356 patients, followed by gastric cancer. Then, the occupational conditions of patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer were analyzed and found no significant difference in the incidence of chronic gastritis in different occupations (P> 0.05), indicating that there is not much difference between urban and rural areas of chronic gastritis. The incidence of gastric herniation in farmers and herdsman was 13.16%; the incidence of workers was 4.98%; the incidence of cadres was 7.14%; the incidence of other occupational patients was 4.90%. The incidence of farmers and herdsmen was significantly higher than that of urban workers. [Conclusions] Prevention, early detection and early treatment of gastrointestinal diseases should be regarded as the key points. Health publicity work and disease prevention and control work in rural and pastoral areas should be strengthened to improve the living conditions of farmers and herdsmen and adjust dietary habits.