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目的 探讨电针百会、神庭穴对脑缺血再灌注(MCAO/R)大鼠学习记忆的影响及其可能的作用机制.方法 将90只健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=18)和手术组(n=72).手术组参照线栓法制备MCAO/R大鼠模型.将符合纳入标准的54只手术组大鼠随机分为模型组(n=18)、电针组(n=18)和非穴组(n=18).电针组电针百会、神庭穴共14 d.小动物磁共振扫描检测脑梗死体积;Morris水迷宫测试检测学习记忆能力;免疫组化检测5-羟色胺1A(5-HT1A)受体的定位和表达.结果 干预前各组大鼠脑梗死体积无显著性差异(F=1.678,P>0.05).干预后,与模型组和非穴组相比,电针组脑梗死体积显著减小(P0.05). Compared with the ischemia group and the non-acupoint group, the cerebral infarction volume signif-icantly reduced (P<0.001);the latency significantly shortened (P<0.001) and the times crossing the platform decreased (P<0.05);the expres-sion of 5-HT1A receptor decreased in the left hippocampus (P0.05). Conclusion Electroacu-puncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) could effectively increase the learning and memory ability of MCAO/R rats, which might relate with inhibiting the expression of 5-HT1A receptor in hippocampus.