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【目的】分析陕西省镇安县36月龄以下婴幼儿出生情况和喂养行为。【方法】采用PPS抽样,在陕西省镇安县抽取432名36月龄以下婴幼儿,进行问卷调查。【结果】婴儿平均出生体重为3 270g,身长50.3cm,性别间无显著差异。低出生体重儿占5.1%,巨大儿占5.6%。婴儿4个月内母乳喂养率为52.3%。分别有4.2%、26.3%和73%的婴幼儿在4～5月龄、6～11月龄和12～17月龄断奶。该地区0～5月龄婴儿96.7%已添加汤汁饮料类辅食;开始添加半固体软质谷类食物的中位数大多是在6月龄;有一半婴幼儿在7、8月龄开始添加蛋类和肉类;18～35月龄婴幼儿中有一半是在12个月龄时开始添加鱼类;12～17月龄儿中分别有88.4%和56.5%的比例添加了肉类和鱼类。【结论】陕西镇安农村婴幼儿母乳喂养率很低,婴儿抱奶时间长,断奶过早,辅食添加过早,6月龄以后辅食种类不丰富,添加优质蛋白的时间较晚。建议应在包括镇安在内的贫困农村加大力度宣传母乳喂养,尽量保证母乳喂养,同时要适时、合理地添加辅食。
【Objective】 To analyze the birth and feeding behavior of infants under 36 months old in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province. 【Method】 PPS sampling was used to collect 432 infants under 36 months old in Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province for questionnaire survey. 【Results】 The average birth weight of infants was 3 270g, body length 50.3cm, no significant difference between the sexes. Low birth weight children accounted for 5.1%, giant children accounted for 5.6%. The rate of breastfeeding within 4 months of infancy was 52.3%. 4.2%, 26.3% and 73% of infants respectively weaned at 4 ~ 5 months, 6 ~ 11 months and 12 ~ 17 months. 96.7% of infants from 0 to 5 month old in this area have added soup drinks supplementary food; the median of adding semi-solid soft cereal foods is mostly at 6 months of age; half of infants start adding eggs at 7-8 months of age And meat; half of infants between 18 and 35 months of age started to add fish at 12 months of age; 88.4% and 56.5% of children aged 12-17 months, respectively, added meat and fish . 【Conclusion】 The incidence of breastfeeding in infants and young children in Zhen’an rural areas in Shaanxi Province is very low. The infants have a long time of breast-feeding, premature weaning and premature feeding of supplementary food. After 6 months of age, the supplementary food types are not rich, and the high-quality protein is added later. It is suggested that efforts should be made to promote breastfeeding in impoverished rural areas including peace and security so as to ensure breastfeeding to the fullest possible extent and to supplement food supplements timely and rationally.