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处于转型期的中国社会 ,是一个现代与传统、变革与循规、开放与束缚共存的多元结合体。近 2 0年来的经济开放、政治变革和文化碰撞 ,不断地冲击、改变着人们的生存方式、行为方式和价值观念。婚姻 ,作为人生重要的里程碑 ,关系着千千万万生灵的命运 ,在这变动的时代 ,它也经受着历史的洗礼。亿万中国人的婚姻状况究竟如何 ,婚姻的质量是优是劣 ,正在发生怎样的嬗变 ,它将往何处去 ?带着强烈的探究欲望 ,不久前 ,我们首次在上海这个中国最大的都市里 ,对 80 0对夫妇 ,通过分层多阶段概率抽样的方法 ,以入户访谈形式作了深入而详尽的调查。本文仅就婚姻建立的前奏曲———择偶 ,在现阶段的实态以及历史演变过程作一分析和理论探讨。因为它不仅对婚姻质量有着举足轻重的影响 ,而且从某种意义上说 ,也是现实社会价值观念的一个缩影。从而论证如下的假设 :当代中国社会使人们选择婚姻的自由度增大 ,择偶行为已经摆脱几十年乃至几百年来政治的、家庭的羁绊 ,向物质满足与心理需求接近
The Chinese society in transition is a pluralistic combination of modernity and tradition, of change and compliance, of opening up and binding. In the past 20 years, the economy has been opening up, political changes and cultural collisions have been constantly impacting and changing people’s ways of life, behavior and values. Marriage, as an important milestone in life, is related to the fate of thousands of creatures. In this changing age, it also endured the baptism of history. Hundreds of millions of Chinese people’s marital status, how the quality of marriage is superior and inferior, what changes are taking place, where will it go? With a strong desire to explore, not long ago, for the first time in Shanghai, China’s largest city In-depth interviews with 80 0 couples through a multi-stage, stratified, multistage sampling method were conducted. This article only analyzes the prelude of marriage establishment --- spouse-selection, the reality of the present stage and the process of historical evolution. Because not only does it have a decisive influence on the quality of marriage, but it is also a microcosm of the real social values in a sense. Thus, the following hypothesis is demonstrated: Contemporary Chinese society makes people more freedom to choose marriage, mate choice has been out of decades or even hundreds of years of political and family fetters, close to the material satisfaction and psychological needs