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经济落后是一种恶性循环,它阻碍有益的技术转让的进行,而缺乏适当的工业技术又反过来延长经济落后状态。如果说新兴工业化国家的发展有什么成功之处可以仿效的话,那就是要有谨慎的计划和正确的政策。这样,对于许多发展中国家来说,进行真实而有益的技术转让就并非可望而不可及了。真实技术转让是一个多步骤、多层次的过程,它包括引进、消化和传播。在这个过程中,引进技术的国家不仅必须掌握核心技术,而且必须培养运用外国技术为当地的需求和生产服务的能力。这里的关键在于“当地的条件”,这不仅包括当地的天然资源,而且还包括当地的需求和消费爱好。跨国公司(也称多国公司)是把商品性工业技术从发达国家向发展中国家转让最有效的机构,这一点没有人争议。有争论的是技术转让过程中
Economic backwardness is a vicious circle that discourages the transfer of profitable technology, while the lack of proper industrial technology in turn extends the economic backwardness. If the success of the newly industrializing countries can be emulated, then there should be a cautious plan and a correct policy. In this way, it is not beyond the reach of many developing countries to make genuine and profitable technology transfers. Real technology transfer is a multi-step, multi-layered process that involves the introduction, assimilation and dissemination. In this process, countries that introduce technology must not only master the core technologies, but also develop their ability to use foreign technologies to serve local needs and production. The key here is “local conditions,” which include not only local natural resources, but also local needs and consumer tastes. There is no dispute that transnational corporations (also known as multinational corporations) are the most effective institutions for the transfer of commercial industrial technologies from developed countries to developing countries. Controversial is the technology transfer process