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没有科学史的科学方法论是空泛的科学方法论;没有科学方法论的科学史是杂乱的科学史。——康德路·冯贝塔朗菲(简称“贝氏”)是一般系统论的创始人。机体论纲领、开放系统理论和一般系统论是贝氏一般系统论形成过程中的三步,它们构成了一个由科学研究的方法论纲领、个别科学理论和一般科学理论三个环节组成的科学理论发展的链条。从科学方法论角度分析这个链条,乃是现代科学方法论研究中的一个新课题。本文依据这个发展的链条,逐次展开对它的方法论探讨。一、机体论纲领贝氏在回顾一般系统论形成过程的时候说,“机体论纲领是而后著名的普通系统论的萌芽”。这里所说的“普通系统论”,现多译作“一般
Scientific methodologies without a history of science are vague scientific methodologies; the history of science without scientific methodologies is a messy history of science. - Kant Road von Bertha Langfil (“Belle”) is the founder of the general system theory. Organizational theory, open system theory and general system theory are the three steps in the formation of Bayesian system theory. They form a scientific theory development composed of the methodology of scientific research, individual scientific theories and general scientific theories The chain. Analyzing this chain from the perspective of scientific methodology is a new topic in the study of modern scientific methodology. This article based on the development of the chain, one after another on its methodology. I. THE ORGANIZATION THEORY Belsey, recalling the formation of the general system theory, said that “the organism theory was the rudiment of the well-known general system theory.” The “ordinary system theory” referred to here is now mostly translated as “general.”