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垄作是东北黑土区一种非常普遍而重要的耕作措施,具有一定的水土保持效益,但几乎没有学者对其进行研究。探讨黑土区不同地形垄作方向在空间上的分布规律及其具有的水土保持效益具有重要研究价值。以黑龙江省宾县为研究区,用分层抽样的方法提取168个野外调查单元并进行实地填图调查,根据坡度因子和垄向坡度计算公式,利用Arc MAP、SPSS和Excel等软件进行了室内数据分析统计。结果表明,平原区、丘陵区、山区的平均地面坡度分别为1.92°、6.20°、8.27°;平均垄向坡度分别为1.33°、4.52°、6.45°,分别为平均地面坡度的70%、73%、78%;垄作坡度引起的平均土壤流失相对量分别为地面坡度的55%、69%、67%,垄作的相对水土保持效益明显。在此基础上,对垄作现状的原因进行了分析,并提出来一些改进措施。研究成果有助于了解东北黑土区不同地形耕地垄作方向的分布情况及其水土保持效益状况,对当地水土保持措施的布设也具有重要的指导意义。
Ridge is a very common and important tillage measures in the black soil area of northeastern China, which has some soil and water conservation benefits, but few scholars have studied it. It is of great value to study the spatial distribution of the ridge topography in different terrains and the benefits of soil and water conservation in the black soil region. Taking Binxian, Heilongjiang Province as a research area, 168 field investigation units were extracted by stratified sampling and field mapping was conducted. Based on the slope factor and ridge slope calculation formula, the software Arc Map, SPSS and Excel were used for indoor Data Analysis Statistics. The results showed that the average ground slopes in the plain, hilly and mountainous areas were 1.92 °, 6.20 ° and 8.27 °, respectively. The average ridge slopes were 1.33 °, 4.52 ° and 6.45 ° respectively, which were respectively 70% and 73% % And 78%, respectively. The relative amounts of average soil erosion caused by ridge slope were 55%, 69% and 67% of the slope of the ground, respectively. The relative water and soil conservation benefits of the ridge were obvious. On this basis, the reasons for the status quo of the ridge are analyzed, and some improvement measures are put forward. The research results are helpful to understand the distribution of ridge-planting direction and the benefits of soil and water conservation in different landforms in the black soil region of northeastern China and have important guiding significance for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.