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目的 探讨我省城市中小学生伤害发生现况和常见伤害的种类原因,为伤害干预提供依据。方法 选择浙江省两个城市,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,调查了23所学校19670名7～18岁的中小学生在过去1年中的伤害发生情况。结果 1年内有4314人发生伤害6582次,伤害总发生率为33.46％(男性 35.54％,女性31.41％),以10～12岁年龄组伤害发生率最高(41.36％),16～18岁组发生率略有下降。以跌伤(14.25％)、碰撞伤(4.65％)、刀割伤(4.55％)、烫伤(1.59％)、锐器刺伤(1.58％)发生率为高,主要发生在运动和玩耍时,以轻伤为主,故意伤害占8％。28.96％伤害病例去医院门诊治疗,1.13％的病例住院治疗,平均每例需要休息1.56d,活动受限2.23d,缺课0.43d,直接医疗费用78.31元。学生家庭父母的职业和文化程度对子女伤害发生率有很大的影响。结论 伤害在城市中小学生中常见、多发,对学生个人及家庭和社会带来巨大负担,必须开展健康教育和健康促进,积极预防。
Objective To explore the causes of injury and the common causes of injuries among urban primary and secondary school students in our province and provide the basis for injury intervention. Methods Two cities in Zhejiang Province were selected. Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the injuries of 19670 primary and secondary school students aged from 7 to 18 in 23 schools over the past year. Results A total of 4 431 injuries occurred in 6514 in 1 year. The total incidence of injuries was 33.46% (35.54% for males and 31.41% for females). The highest incidence of injuries was found in 10-12 years old group (41.36%) and 16-18 years old group Rate decreased slightly. The incidence of bruises (14.25%), collision injuries (4.65%), knife cuts (4.55%), scalds (1.59%) and sharp cut injuries (1.58%) were mainly occurred during exercise and play, With minor injuries, intentional damage accounted for 8%. 28.96% cases of injuries went to the hospital for outpatient treatment, and 1.13% of the cases were hospitalized, with an average of 1.56 days of rest, 2.23 days of limited activities, 0.43 days of absence, and 78.31 yuan of direct medical expenses. The occupational and educational level of parents of students has a great impact on the incidence of child injuries. Conclusions Injuries are common and frequent among primary and secondary school students in cities. They have a huge burden on individual students, families and the community. Health education and health promotion must be carried out to prevent them actively.