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古今汉语都有省略现象,可是文言省略现象比现代文尤为突出,成为文言文的特色之一。句子某些词语的省略,从语法角度着眼,是有规律可寻的。能够掌握这种省略规律,遇到具体省略现象,将不至于感到迷惑。先看主语的省略。上句已出现主语,下语的主语便可省略,如“楚人为食,吴人及之;楚人奔,吴人食而从之”(《左传·定公四年》)中有(?)符号标明的主语“楚人”“吴人”就是承上文的“楚人”“吴人”而省。下句要出现主语,上句主语也可以省略,如“项王夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌,项王乃大惊曰:‘汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也!’”(《史记·项羽本纪》)中的上一句的“项王”就是蒙下一句的“项王”而省。还有,下一句的主语就是在上一句里充当宾语的那一个,这下一句的主语仍可以省略(这样更显得结构紧密),如“……触草木,草木皆死”(《捕蛇者说》)就
Ancient and modern Chinese have omitted the phenomenon, but the phenomenon of classical ellipsis is more prominent than the modern, become one of the characteristics of classical Chinese. Ellipsis of certain words in sentences, from a grammatical point of view, is regularly found. To grasp this omission rules, encounter specific omissions, will not be confused. First look at the subject omitted. The subject has appeared on the sentence, the subject can be omitted, such as “Chu food, Wu and its; Chu ran Ben Wu food from the” (“Zuo Ding four years”) there ( ?) The subject of the symbol “Chu” and “Wu” are the provinces of “Chu people” and “Wu people” that inherit the above text. The next sentence to appear the subject, the subject of the sentence can also be omitted, such as “Wang night heard Han all sides are Chu song, the king was shocked: the Chinese have been Chu? (”Shi Ji Xiang Yu Benji“) in the last sentence of the ”item king“ is to cast a ”project king“ and province. In addition, the subject of the next sentence is the one that serves as the object in the previous sentence, and the subject of the next sentence can still be omitted (more so as to be structurally close), such as ”... weeds and vegetation“ (” Say ") on it