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目的:研究1999年福州市近郊登革热的流行特征与媒介蚊虫的关系,以控制登革热的再次流行。方法:访视现症病人,开展房屋指数、容器指数、布雷图指数测定。检测病人血清中的IgM与IgG,从病人血清及白纹伊蚊体内分离病毒。设5个监测点,调查孳生场所,全年观察幼虫的季节消长规律。结果:经流行病学研究与病原学检测确认,本次流行的病原为Ⅱ型登革病毒,传播媒介是白纹伊蚊。罹患率为3.56％,以20～49岁年龄组为主,女性发病率高于男性,职业分布以农民、商人为主,分别占 45.84％和21.05％,呈一定的家庭聚集性,病例集中在8～9月,分别占47.68％和38.15％。在各种材料容器的水体中,广泛发现白纹伊蚊孳生。1月见少量幼虫;2月仍有残存幼虫;3月开始繁殖;4月上旬出现成蚊,密度逐渐上升,6月初与9月下旬分别出现主次高峰,11～12月下旬仍可发现幼虫;成蚊9月上旬密度最高;病家周围环境以白纹伊蚊幼虫孳生最多,流行特征与蚊媒种群密度的关系,呈互为制约作用。结论:本次流行有着明显的年龄、性别、职业、季节和家庭聚集等特征,发病与疫区白纹伊蚊孳生地多,密度高,人群普遍易感及气候条件等因素有着直接的关系。
Objective: To study the relationship between epidemic characteristics of Dengue fever and media mosquitoes in suburb of Fuzhou in 1999 to control the re-epidemic of dengue fever. Methods: Visit patients with current illness, to carry out the housing index, container index, Brett index determination. IgM and IgG in patient sera were tested for virus isolation from patient serum and Ae. Albopictus. Set 5 monitoring points, survey breeding sites, the larvae throughout the year to observe the law of the growth and decline. Results: Epidemiological studies and pathogenic tests confirmed that the most common pathogen of this epidemic is dengue virus type Ⅱ, and the vector of infection is Aedes albopictus. The prevalence was 3.56%, mainly in the age group of 20-49. The incidence of women was higher than that of men. The occupational distribution was dominated by peasants and merchants, accounting for 45.84% and 21.05%, respectively, showing a certain degree of family aggregation. The cases were concentrated in August to September, accounting for 47.68% and 38.15% respectively. Aedes albopictus is widely found in the water of various material containers. In January, a few larvae were observed. In February, there were still remaining larvae. In March, they began to breed. In early April, adult mosquitoes appeared and their density gradually increased. Primary and secondary peaks occurred in early June and late September, respectively. Larvae were still found in late December and early December . The adult mosquitoes had the highest density in early September. The environment around the ward was dominated by Aedes albopictus larvae, and the relationship between epidemic characteristics and mosquito population density was mutually restrained. Conclusion: The epidemic has obvious characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, season and family aggregation. The incidence has a direct relationship with the breeding ground of Aedes albopictus in the epidemic area, high density, general population susceptibility and climatic conditions.