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目的掌握傈僳族、纳西族中小学生体质和体育锻炼状况,为提升少数民族青少年体质提供参考依据。方法对2014年怒江傈僳族和丽江纳西族中小学生体质测试与健康调研学生调查问卷数据进行统计分析。结果傈僳族中小学男女生身高、体重低于纳西族中小学男女生,差异有统计学意义(t_男值分别为9.23,9.11,t_女值分别为8.83,6.36,P值均<0.01);傈僳族中小学男女生的收缩压、舒张压和肺活量高于纳西族中小学男女生,差异有统计学意义(t_男值分别为-5.62,-7.11,-8.10,t_女值分别为-7.04,-5.69,-15.73,P值均<0.01)。傈僳族中小学生男生引体向上、坐体位前屈高于纳西族中小学生男生,握力、斜身引体、50 m×8往返跑、1 000 m跑低于纳西族中小学男生,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-5.18,-17.10,3.99,22.39,13.34,16.36,P值均<0.01)。傈僳族中小学女生仰卧起坐、坐体位前屈高于纳西族中小学女生,握力、50 m×8往返跑、800 m跑低于纳西族中小学生女生,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.38,-10.78,2.61,19.40,8.81,P值均<0.01)。结论傈僳族中小学生身体形态水平低于纳西族,身体功能总体高于纳西族。傈僳族中小学生在与臂力、腰腹力等有关的运动素质上有优势,纳西族中小学生在与速度、耐力等有关的运动素质占优势。
Objective To understand the physical and physical training conditions of the Lisu and Naxi primary and middle school students and to provide a reference for improving the physique of ethnic minorities. Methods The data of the survey questionnaires of physical test and health research students of Lisu and Lijiang Naxi nationalities in 2014 were analyzed statistically. Results The height and weight of boys and girls in primary and secondary schools in Lisu were lower than that of boys and girls in primary and secondary schools in Naxi ethnic minority (t_ = 9.23, 9.11, t_ = 8.83, 6.36 respectively, P <0.01 ). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and vital capacity of boys and girls in primary and secondary schools in Lisu were significantly higher than those of boys and girls in primary and secondary schools in Naxi ethnic minority (t_m, -5.62, -7.11, -8.10, t_ Respectively, -7.04, -5.69, -15.73, P <0.01). Lisu nationality primary and secondary school boys pull up, sitting forward flexion higher than the Naxi primary and secondary school boys, grip strength, oblique body pull-in, 50 m × 8 round-trip run, 1 000 m lower than the Naxi primary and secondary boys, the difference was statistically Significance of learning (t = -5.18, -17.10, 3.99, 22.39, 13.34, 16.36 respectively, P <0.01). Lisu nationality primary and secondary school girls sit-up, sitting position flexion higher than the Naxi primary and secondary school girls, grip strength, 50 m × 8 round-trip run, 800 m run lower than the Naxi girls, the difference was statistically significant -.38, -10.78, 2.61, 19.40, 8.81, all P <0.01). Conclusion The body shape of primary and secondary school students of Lisu nationality is lower than that of Naxi people, and their overall physical functions are higher than that of Naxi people. The primary and secondary school students of Lisu ethnic group have the advantage in sports quality related to the arm strength, waist force and so on. The primary and secondary school students in Naxi prevail with the sports quality related to speed, stamina and so on.