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随着白血病的化疗,骨髓移植(BMT)等治疗方法的进展,使急性白血病的完全缓解(CR)率明显提高,其生存期也明显延长。但众多的急性白血病常在数年内复发而死亡,主要原因是在临床和血液学完全缓解后,体内仍有微量残留白血病细胞(MRLC),约10~6～10~8个,用传统的形态学方法无法检测到,此称微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)。如何早期准确地诊断MRD,防治白血病复发,是当今治疗白血病的重点。近年来MRD的检测取得了重大进展,本文就其检测方法和临床价值概述如下。
With the progress of leukemia chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the complete remission (CR) rate of acute leukemia is significantly increased, and its survival period is also prolonged. However, many acute leukemias often relapse and die within several years. The main reason is that after clinical and hematological complete remission, there are still trace residual leukemia cells (MRLC) in the body, about 10~6~10~8, in the traditional form. The method can not be detected, this is called minimal residual disease (MRD). How to accurately diagnose MRD early and prevent the recurrence of leukemia is the focus of current treatment of leukemia. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the detection of MRD. This article outlines its detection methods and clinical values as follows.