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以母读音问题可以说是上古汉语语音研究领域里面最为复杂的难题。自高本汉构拟为~*d-以来,以母的构拟一直处于不断的变动之中,如同以母的谐声一样“五花八门”。近些年来,学界有一种普遍的趋势是认为以母为边音~*1-。以母跟心母有语音上的联系,而语词“死”就是其中之一。语词“死”的词根辅音也相应地被构拟为清边音~*1h-。以语词“死”以及相关语词作为考察的基点,我们发现跟以母有语音关联的心母上古跟中古一样只是一个清擦音~*s-,而以母则是一个浊擦音~*z-。以母构成的谐声系列中古复杂多样,是由于擦音~*s-/~*z-在不同的条件下演变成的。其中最为重要的是擦音的塞化,而擦音塞化是整个汉藏语系重要的音变现象之一。
The question of mother pronunciation can be said to be one of the most complex problems in the study of ancient Chinese phonology. Since Gao Ben-han was formulated as ~ * d-, the mother’s composition has been constantly changing, just like the mother’s harmonic sound. In recent years, there is a general trend in academia that the mother is a side note ~ * 1-. The mother and the mother have a phonetic connection, and the word “death” is one of them. The root consonant of the word “dead ” is also accordingly formulated as a clear edge tone ~ * 1h-. Using the words “death ” and the related words as the starting point of the study, we find that the mother tongue associated with the parental voice is just a rubbing sound ~ * s- like the Middle Ages, and the mother is a turbid rubbing sound ~ *z-. Harmonious series composed of mother complex and diverse in the Middle Ages, is due to the fricative ~ * s- / ~ * z-evolved under different conditions. One of the most important is the stuffing of fricatives, which is one of the important phonetic changes in the entire Sino-Tibetan language family.