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随着全球化步伐的加快,种植转基因作物日益成为当下农村不可回避的事实。本文以福柯的“知识—权力”为参照,通过对湖北潭村种植转基因作物的田野调查,来考察其种植结构变迁背后的文化生态。研究发现,转基因作物所具备的效用特性成为一种具有象征意义的符号体系,代表着某种新的、有价值的生产实践,并为村民所普遍接受和信任。村民在种植转基因作物上的能动性主要体现在其种植的惯习,即种植转基因作物并不完全是“知识与权力”主宰之下的行为,试种以后所能观察到的结果成为转基因作物效用的功能性体现,如果没有其效用的存在,知识与权力能起多大作用是值得怀疑的。只有纳入“效用”的概念时,才不会将村民仅仅看成无知且被动的客体,从而更准确阐释全球化形塑下的乡村社会变迁。这种解释有助于我们对农业技术发展下的乡村种植结构变迁获得文化意义上的全面性理解。
As the pace of globalization accelerates, the cultivation of genetically modified crops is increasingly becoming an unavoidable fact in the present countryside. Based on Foucault ’s “Knowledge - Power ”, this paper investigates the cultural ecology behind the change of planting structure through the field investigation of planting transgenic crops in the village of Lake Tan. The study found that the utility of genetically modified crops has become a symbolic symbolic system that represents some new and valuable production practices and is generally accepted and trusted by villagers. The initiative of villagers in planting GM crops is mainly reflected in the habit of planting them. That is, the cultivation of genetically modified crops is not completely the behavior under the control of “knowledge and power”. The results that can be observed after the trial are turned into genetically modified crops The utility of utility shows that it is questionable how much knowledge and power can function without its utility. Only when the concept of “utility” is included, will the villagers not be regarded merely as ignorant and passive objects, so as to interpret the rural social changes under the shape of globalization more accurately. This interpretation helps us gain a culturally comprehensive understanding of the structural changes in rural farming under the development of agricultural technology.