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镉是一种具有高度生物学活性的金属,可引起机体的急、慢性中毒。摄入可溶性镉盐和吸入氧化镉烟后即可发生急性中毒。在日本严重镉污染居民区和患有气道阻塞性的镉作业工人中,曾发现伴有肾小管功能障碍的慢性镉中毒和骨软化症(痛痛病)。镉被吸收后在肝和肾脏沉积,这点与锌及其它一些金属相似,镉还与这些金属存在一定的相互影响,正引起人们的普遍兴趣。镉还在肝、肾诱导镉结合蛋白(金属硫蛋白,MT)的合成。虽然自然环境中的镉难以扩散,但由于镉在体内具蓄积特性,故工业废物、废气、污水和残渣的局部镉聚集都可能导致区域性群体发生有害作用。WHO
Cadmium is a highly biologically active metal that can cause acute and chronic poisoning in the body. Acute poisoning can occur after ingestion of soluble cadmium salts and inhalation of cadmium oxide. Chronic cadmium poisoning and osteomalacia (pain disorder) associated with renal tubular dysfunction have been found in heavily cadmium-contaminated residential areas and cadmium-exposed workers with airway obstruction in Japan. Cadmium is absorbed in the liver and kidney deposition, which is similar to zinc and some other metals, cadmium and these metals have some mutual influence, is causing widespread interest. Cadmium also induces the synthesis of cadmium-binding protein (metallothionein, MT) in the liver and kidney. Although cadmium in the natural environment is difficult to disperse, the local cadmium accumulation of industrial waste, exhaust gas, sewage and residues may cause detrimental effects on the regional population due to its accumulation characteristics in the body. WHO