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一概述檸檬酸广泛应用于食品工業、医药工業及塑料工业中,过去大部分从檸檬果实中提取,但不能滿足需要,絕大部分尚須依賴国外进口。我国現在虽然有以淺盤發酵法来生产檸檬酸,但由于须要無菌操作,产量不易保証,最近开始研究深层發酵,但技术水平与設备要求都很严格,且投資費用大,目前只能适用于大中城市。最近食品研究所学习苏联经验試驗成功从棉花叶中提取檸檬酸,操作简便,投資费用少,且原料又系农村中的废料,适合于人民公社作为副业生产。二生产方法1.原料处理:由于农村棉叶采摘时间比較集中,一次全部提取势必須要大量設备,为充分利用設备,减低投资費,拟將棉叶分批提取,但由于新鮮绵叶含水量較高,久藏易發霉,因此,必须將摘下的棉叶先行晒干后置于暗室,以便隨时取用。2.浸取:取新鮮棉叶65公斤或晒干的棉叶43公斤,用锄刀鋤成長阔10毫米左右的碎叶,放入1000升
I. INTRODUCTION Citric acid is widely used in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry and plastics industry. In the past, most of the citric acid was extracted from lemon fruits, but it could not meet the needs. Most of them were still dependent on foreign imports. In China, although citric acid is produced by the shallow dish fermentation method, the production of citric acid is difficult because of the need for aseptic processing. Recently, deep fermentation has been studied. However, the technical level and equipment requirements are very strict, and the investment cost is large. Currently, it is only applicable. In large and medium-sized cities. Recently, the Food Research Institute studied the experience of the Soviet Union and succeeded in extracting citric acid from cotton leaves. The operation is simple, the investment cost is low, and the raw materials are also wastes in rural areas. It is suitable for the People’s Commune as a sideline production. 2. Production methods 1. Raw material processing: As the time for picking the leaves of rural cotton leaves is relatively concentrated, a large amount of equipment must be used for all extracting potential. In order to make full use of equipment and reduce investment costs, cotton leaves are to be extracted in batches, but due to the fresh cotton leaves contain The higher the water volume is, the longer it is easy to mold. Therefore, the cotton leaves that have been taken off must be sun dried and placed in a dark room for easy access. 2. Leaching: Take 65 kg of fresh cotton leaves or 43 kg of dried cotton leaves. Use a sickle to dig up to 10 mm of broken leaves and put in 1000 liters.