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自然,在先秦时代只是纯粹的哲学术语。魏晋以降,山水诗的兴起使之成为文学描写的对象并进而成为重要的美学范畴。西晋陆云《与兄平原书》中即有“云今意视文,乃好清省,欲无以尚,意之至此,乃出自然”之语。南北朝时,崇尚自然之美已成为颇有影响的美学标准。据《南史》记载:“(颜)延之尝问鲍照,己与灵运优劣。照曰:‘谢五言如初发芙蓉,自然可爱;君诗若铺锦列绣,亦雕绩满眼。’”可见当时之审美趣味。其后,历代许多文论家都标举自然美。如南朝梁钟嵘在其《诗品·序》中慨叹当时文坛“自然英旨,罕值其人”,唐司空图在其诗论《二十四诗品》中专列“自然”一品,宋代大文豪苏东坡在与友人谈及自己的创作体会时言道:“大略如行云流水,初无定质,但常行于所当行,常止于所不可不止,文理自然,姿态横生。”清人的诗话、词话中,对“自然”的标榜更是俯拾即是,如“自然古雅有风神”、“(诗)尤贵自然”、“字句要刻画而自然”、“词以自然为尚……古人名句如‘梅子黄时雨’、‘云破月来花弄影’,不外自然而已”等等。
Naturally, in pre-Qin times it was purely philosophical terms. The decline of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the rise of landscape poetry make it become the object of literary description and then become an important category of aesthetics. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Lu Yun’s “Brotherhood Book” is the language of “the present meaning of the cloud, but a good province of Qing Dynasty. Northern and Southern Dynasties, advocating the beauty of nature has become quite influential aesthetic standards. According to ”South History“ records: ”(Yan) Yan asked to ask Yanzhao Yan Yan, himself and the spirit of Merit and good. According to said: ’Xie five words as early as hibiscus, natural cute; ’“At that time, the aesthetic taste. Since then, many literary writers of all ages have labeled natural beauty. For example, Liang Zhongrong in the Southern Dynasties laments the literary world at that time in his literary poem, ”Preface to Nature, Rarely Value His People,“ and Tang Sikongtu featured a series of ”natural“ products in his poem ”Twenty-four Poems and Products“ When the great writer Su Dongpo spoke with his friends about his own creative experience, he said: ”The general situation is that there is no definite qualities at first, but it is often done in the proper way. , The words, the “nature” is advertised that is, such as “natural quaint Aeolus”, “(poetry) especially expensive nature”, “words to describe and natural”, “ ’Plum yellow when the rain’, ’Cloud breaking the moon to spend Nongying’, but only natural ”and so on.