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气管平滑肌(airway smooth muscle,ASM)上主要分布有4种钾通道:钙激活性钾通道、电压依赖性钾通道、内向整流钾通道、ATP敏感性钾通道。钾通道参与调节ASM细胞的膜电位水平和兴奋性以及ASM的张力、气道反应性等多种生理功能。在手术麻醉期间可因病人的气道高反应性及麻醉药物等因素影响气道平滑肌(ASM)的钾通道,从而对ASM的舒缩功能带来严重干扰。本文对ASM上的钾通道的基本特性及相关联的信号传导通路,麻醉药对钾通道的作用进行综述。
There are four types of potassium channel in airway smooth muscle (ASM): calcium-activated potassium channel, voltage-dependent potassium channel, inward rectifier potassium channel and ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Potassium channels are involved in the regulation of membrane potential and excitability of ASM cells and the various physiological functions of ASM such as tension and airway responsiveness. During the operation of anesthesia, the airway hyperresponsiveness and anesthetic drugs affect the potassium channel of airway smooth muscle (ASM), which may seriously interfere the ASM relaxation and contraction. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of potassium channels in ASM, the associated signal transduction pathways, and the effects of anesthetics on potassium channels.