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目的:分析与经济状况相关的新型农村合作医疗住院服务利用及受益公平性。方法:利用黑龙江省2013年第五次卫生服务调查数据,应用集中指数和Kakwani指数测算参合农民住院服务利用及受益的不公平程度。结果:样本参合农民是否住院的集中指数为0.053,住院天数的集中指数为0.141,说明高收入参合农民更多地利用了住院服务。新农合住院补助的集中指数为0.122,说明高收入参合农民相对于低收入组获得了更多的住院补助,新农合住院补助的Kakwani指数为-0.184,受益分布是累进的,相对公平性较好。结论:中低收入参合农民的住院服务可及性仍有待于进一步提高,新农合住院补助缩小了不同收入人群之间的相对差距。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utilization of new rural cooperative medical services and the fairness of benefits in relation to the economic conditions. Methods: According to the fifth survey of health service in Heilongjiang Province in 2013, the concentration index and Kakwani index were used to estimate the unfairness of using and benefiting peasants’ inpatient services. Results: The concentration index of the sample whether the farmer is hospitalized or not is 0.053, and the concentration index of the hospitalization days is 0.141, which indicates that the farmer’s participation in the hospital service is more widely used by the high-income participating farmers. The concentration index of NCMS subsidy was 0.122, indicating that more high-income participating farmers received more hospitalization allowances than low-income groups. The Kakwani index of NCMS subsidy was -0.184. The distribution of benefits was progressive and relatively fair better. Conclusion: The availability of hospital services for low and middle-income peasants still needs to be further improved. The subsidies for NCMS have narrowed the relative gap between different income groups.