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自二十世纪后期以来,任务贸易逐渐取代货物贸易成为国际贸易的主流模式。在这一背景下,使用基于增加值的全球价值链方法分解中国不同技术水平制造业出口的国内外价值,分析中国制造业出口的国外价值来源和构成,也借此分析中国制造业出口在贸易伙伴之间的真实利益分配情况。结果显示:第一,尽管近年来中国高技术水平制造业出口规模不断扩大,但真实获利水平较低,中国企业的优势依然集中在低技术水平制造业上。第二,中国制造业出口中50%~70%的国外价值源于主要贸易伙伴,占出口总额的1%~10%;且技术水平越低,相应的份额越低。第三,中国制造业出口的国外价值来源日益多元化,这一趋势在低技术水平制造业中表现得尤为显著。
Since the latter part of the twentieth century, the task trade has gradually replaced the trade in goods and become the mainstream mode of international trade. In this context, the use of value-added global value chain based on decomposition of China’s manufacturing technology at different levels of domestic and foreign export value, analysis of China’s manufacturing export sources and composition of foreign value, also take this analysis of China’s manufacturing exports in the trade The true distribution of benefits between partners. The results show that: First, although the scale of China’s high-tech manufacturing exports has been expanding in recent years, the real profitability is low. The advantages of Chinese enterprises are still concentrated in low-technology manufacturing. Second, 50% to 70% of the foreign value of China’s manufacturing exports originates from major trading partners, accounting for 1% to 10% of the total exports. The lower the technical level, the lower the corresponding share. Third, the sources of the foreign value of China’s manufacturing exports are increasingly diversified. This trend is particularly evident in low-skill manufacturing.