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1878年柏林会议与1879年德奥同盟是近代国际关系史上经典的均势外交案例,它是由当时德意志帝国首相俾斯麦一手缔造的。俾斯麦的均势外交是在德帝国建立初期被迫采取的一种以“求自保、尝信任、逼和平”为特征并包含心理战和地缘政治的防御性对外政策,当时的欧洲局势迫使他作出与其往常“铁血”政策截然相反的外交低姿态。借助柏林会议他尝试着以大国间润滑剂的角色调解各国纠纷,使各国逐渐放松了对德国逐渐强盛后欲称霸的警惕,而德奥同盟则使百废待兴的德国在稳定和平加上了一层地缘政治保险,德国开始重新确立欧洲乃至世界大国的地位,这些都为德国日后军事和经济的强盛打下了坚实基础。
The Berlin Conference of 1878 and the German-Austrian Alliance of 1879 are the classic case of the balance of power diplomacy in the history of modern international relations. It was founded by Bismarck, then Prime Minister of the German Empire. Bismarck’s power-balanced diplomacy was a defensive foreign policy characterized by “seeking self-protection, tasting trust and forcing peace” and containing psychological warfare and geopolitics forced upon by the early days of the German Empire. At that time, the situation in Europe was forcing He has made a diplomatic low profile that is diametrically opposed to his usual “Jagged” policy. With the help of the Berlin Conference, he tried to mediate disputes among nations with the role of a lubricant among the major powers, so that all countries gradually relaxed their vigilance toward Germany’s rising power and desire to dominate. However, the alliance of Germany and Democrats brought untold peace to peace in peace. With a layer of geopolitical insurance, Germany began to re-establish its position as a European and even a world power. All these laid a solid foundation for Germany’s future military and economic prosperity.