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(一)本试验系在田间条件下进行。供试小麦品种是北京本地种。研究是采用根外施肥的方法,依据小麦的分蘖,出节、孕穗、开花、乳熟等五个发育时期进行单独或不同组合的追肥,并以不喷肥作为对照。 (二)在本试验的全部处理中,无论在其发育的任何时期施用氮素根外追肥,都不能使总分蘖有明顯的增加。这是舆文献所报导的结果不相符合的。但有效分蘖数却有差异,其中凡是在出节期追肥的处理有效分叶数最多。 (三)在五个发育时间单独喷肥的处理中,以出节期追肥的效能最大,产量也最高,分蘖期追肥的次之,其它三个处理更次之。由此可见,氮营养元素发挥最大效能时期是在出节期。若在这个时期施用氮肥,对保证提高作物的产量起着决定性的作用,同时也是肥料合理施用的重要环节。 (四)在前期或後期连续喷施氮肥的二个处理中,以前期追肥的效果最大,後期追肥作用不大。因为前期追肥促进了植株营养生长,从而提高了产量;而後期追肥对植株营养生长不起什么作用,因而不能提高产量,但却能改善小麦的品质。若在前期追肥的基楚上再进行後期追肥(如节-孕-花),不但能顯著地提高产量,而且也改善了小麦的品质。从而可以看到,产量的高低是取决於前期的营养条件(特别是在出节期),而品质的好坏则舆後期营养条件有关。因此在施用氮肥时应以前期为主,而以後期为辅。 (五)在前期施用氮肥不宜过多(因地力而异),否则会引起植株营养体的徒长,造成小麦後期的倒伏;在後期施用氮肥更宜注意少用,否则会引起植株的返青特性,延遲成熟,所有这些都对产量不利。 (六)总起来看,在本试验的全部处理中,提高产量最大效能的施肥时期应在出节期。
(A) The test under the field conditions. The test wheat varieties are native to Beijing. The study is based on the method of applying fertilizer outside the root. According to the top-dressing, booting, flowering and milky ripening of wheat, the top-dressing was applied separately or in different combinations. (Ii) During the entire treatment of this experiment, no top-dressing could result in a significant increase in total tillers, irrespective of their application at any stage of their development. This is the result reported by the media does not match. However, there are differences in the effective number of tillers, of which the most effective treatment of foliar fertilization at the top of the season. (C) In the five developmental stages of individual fertilizer treatment, topdressing the top efficiency, top yield, tillering top dressing second, the other three were followed. This shows that the maximum period of nitrogen nutrients to play the most effective period is in the holiday. If nitrogen fertilizer is applied during this period, it plays a decisive role in ensuring the increase of crop yield, and it is also an important part of rational application of fertilizers. (D) in the early or late spraying of nitrogen fertilizer in the two treatment, the effect of the top dressing, the latter part of the role of dressing is not large. Because the early top-dressing to promote the vegetative growth of plants, thereby increasing the yield; and late dressing does not play a role in plant vegetative growth, which can not increase the yield, but it can improve the quality of wheat. If the top dressing on the early stage and then carry out the late dressing (such as section - pregnant - flowers), not only can significantly improve the yield, but also improve the quality of wheat. It can be seen, the level of production is dependent on the nutritional conditions of the previous period (especially in the adulthood), while the quality of the nutritional status of the latter opinion. Therefore, the application of nitrogen should be based on the previous period, but later supplemented. (E) In the early application of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much (due to different places), otherwise it will cause the plant nutrient body lengthened, resulting in the late lodging of wheat; nitrogen fertilizer should pay more attention to the late use less, otherwise it will cause the plant greening characteristics, Delayed maturation, all of which are detrimental to yield. (Vi) Totally, during the entire treatment of this experiment, the fertilization period for increasing the maximum efficiency of the output should be at the adulthood.