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随着项目制对我国农村治理的影响力渐增,“项目进村”如何有效激发农村治理活力成为农村治理创新的关键。相关研究聚焦于政府视角和宏观层面,对村庄回应还少有关注。村庄回应包括交相作用的三个层面:对自身利益诉求和资源的感知,对外来行动主体之诉求和影响的评判与认同,互动方式的选择与社会行动的实现。基于不同类型项目的调研发现,三个层面各有其特点且存在不少现实问题,村庄回应水平及效能的低下使“项目进村”意外效应不断,难以达到预期政策目标。以村庄回应为理论视角和实践面向,有利于探明“项目进村”的实践逻辑与问题成因。只有优化村庄回应能力,才能充分发挥支农资源的积极作用以及“项目进村”对农村治理活力的撬动效应。
With the increasing influence of the project system on China’s rural governance, how to effectively stimulate the vitality of rural governance has become the key to rural governance innovation. Relevant research has focused on the government perspective and the macro level, with little attention paid to village responses. The village response consists of three aspects: the perception of self-interest demands and resources, the judgment and identity of the appeals and influence of external actors, the choice of interaction modes and the realization of social actions. Research based on different types of projects found that each of the three levels has its own characteristics and there are many practical problems. The low response level and low efficiency of villages make the contingency effect of “project into the village ” continually and it is difficult to achieve the expected policy goal. Taking the village response as the theoretical perspective and practice orientation, it is helpful to find out the practical logic and causes of the problem. Only by optimizing the village’s ability to respond can we give full play to the positive role of supporting resources and the leveraging effect of the “project into the village” on the viability of rural governance.