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美国已故著名政治学家赛缪尔·亨廷顿曾这样解析传统君主制国家开启现代化变革的动因:“19世纪的君主实行现代化是为了阻挡帝国主义,20世纪的君主实行现代化是为了阻挡革命。”对于恰恰在庚子年(1900年)经历京师陷落、仓皇西狩之巨变的清政府而言,实际上它面临着缓解西方列强威胁与镇压革命运动的双重压力。故当慈禧太后拖着清廷这艘残舰踉踉跄跄地驶进20世纪时,于特殊的内外情势中,改革已是她不得不的唯一选择。正如时人所言“及乎拳祸猝起,两宫蒙尘,既内恐舆论之反侧,又外惧强邻之责言,乃取戊、己两年初举之而复废之政,陆续施行,以表明国家实有维新之意”。
As the famous late American political scientist Samuel Huntington analyzed the motivation of the traditional monarchy in opening up the modern revolution: “The modernization of the monarch in the 19th century was to impede the imperialism. The modernization of the monarch in the 20th century was to stop the revolution. ”For the Qing government, who experienced the tremendous changes that the capitalists suffered during the Gamzian years (1900) and who had taken a plunge in the West Indies, it actually faced the dual pressures of easing the threat of the Western powers and suppressing the revolutionary movement. Therefore, when the Empress Dowager Cixi dragged the ship detained by the Qing court into the twentieth century, in the special situation both inside and outside, reform was the only choice she had to make. Just as the people once said, “Since the fist of disaster has taken hold, the two chambers have become dustless. Both the anti-vice media and the foreign neighbors’ Enforcement, in order to show the true state of reform ”.