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根据菱镁矿区粉尘污染土壤pH较高、养分含量较低及水溶性Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)较大的特点,采用盆栽试验研究了糠醛渣、磷石膏分别以不同比例施入污染土壤后土壤理化性质的变化及对玉米幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:糠醛渣能有效降低菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤pH值,显著增加有机质含量;添加比例为5%~30%时,土壤pH从9.34降低到8.96~7.61,土壤有机质增加了1.19~13.19倍;磷石膏能显著提高土壤水溶性Ca~(2+)含量,有效调节土壤Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)比;添加比例为5%~30%时,土壤Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)降低了92.4%~94.9%;相同比例条件下,添加磷石膏时土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)及玉米幼苗生长指标优于添加糠醛渣的处理;糠醛渣与磷石膏添加比例在5%~15%时,土壤MBC、MBN、玉米幼苗最大根长、株高、生物量、叶片叶绿素含量均呈增加趋势,添加比例为15%~30%时逐渐下降,添加比例为15%时达到最大,土壤MBC分别增加2.02倍和2.27倍,MBN增加4.75倍和5.54倍,玉米幼苗最大根长增加1.05倍和1.14倍,株高增加1.15倍和1.34倍,生物量增加1.47和1.58倍,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也较高。因此,糠醛渣和磷石膏是改良菱镁矿区粉尘污染土壤理化性质的潜在材料,15%添加比例的改良效果优于其他处理。
According to the characteristics of high dust-polluted soil pH, low nutrient content and large water-soluble Mg ~ (2 +) / Ca ~ (2+) in the magnesite mine, pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of furfural residue and phosphogypsum Changes of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Their Effects on the Growth of Maize Seedlings after Application into Polluted Soil. The results showed that furfural residue could effectively reduce the pH value of soil polluted by magnesite dust, and significantly increase the content of organic matter. The soil pH decreased from 9.34 to 8.96 to 7.61 and the soil organic matter increased 1.19 to 13.19 times with the addition of 5% to 30% ; Phosphogypsum can significantly increase the soil soluble Ca ~ (2+) content and effectively regulate the ratio of Mg ~ (2 +) / Ca ~ (2+) in the soil; +) / Ca 2+ decreased by 92.4% -94.9%. Under the same conditions, MBC, MBN and corn seedling growth indices were superior to Furfural residue and phosphogypsum addition ratio increased from 5% to 15%, the maximum root length, plant height, biomass and leaf chlorophyll content of MBC, MBN and maize seedlings all increased with the addition ratio of 15 % ~ 30%, the maximum MBC reached 2.02 times and 2.27 times respectively, while the MBN increased 4.75 and 5.54 times, the maximum root length of maize seedlings increased 1.05 and 1.14 times, and the plant height increased 1.15-fold and 1.34-fold, biomass increased by 1.47 and 1.58 times, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity is also higher. Therefore, furfural residue and phosphogypsum are potential materials for improving the physico-chemical properties of dust-polluted soil in magnesite area. The 15% addition rate is better than other treatments.