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小麦-簇毛麦6VS.6AL易位染色体含有抗白粉病基因Pm21,在我国的小麦育种中被广泛应用。近年来,一些含有Pm21基因的小麦品种(系)开始感染白粉病。为探索含Pm21的品种(系)感染白粉病的原因,本研究在6VS.6AL易位系与小麦品系(种)R14和川农12的杂交后代中利用分子标记CINAU17-1086和CINAU18-723辅助选择的遗传背景相对简单的F7和F8近等基因系为材料,研究了小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21的抗病性表达。结果发现,在3个含有6VS.6AL易位染色体的感病F6植株繁殖的F7近等基因系中发生了白粉病抗性的分离,分离比率符合13感病︰3抗病的理论值。在随机选取的F7感病小麦单株所繁殖的F8近等基因系中,有7/13的株系一致地重感白粉病,有6/13的株系发生了抗白粉病的分离,其中2/13的株系分离比符合3感病︰1抗病、4/13的株系分离比符合13感病︰3抗病的分离模式。这一结果指出,小麦株系中的抗白粉病基因Pm21的抗性表达受小麦基因组中的一对显性抑制基因所控制,该基因来源于小麦品种(系)川农12或R14,建议命名为SuPm21。本研究指出,在把外源基因引入小麦的研究中,有利的外源基因与不含抑制基因的受体遗传资源同等重要。
Wheat-cluster wool 6VS.6AL translocation chromosome contains powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, which is widely used in wheat breeding in our country. In recent years, some wheat cultivars (lines) that contain the Pm21 gene begin to infect powdery mildew. In order to explore the reasons for the infection of powdery mildew with Pm21-containing cultivars, molecular markers CINAU17-1086 and CINAU18-723 were used to assist in the crosses between 6VS.6AL translocation lines and wheat lines (R14) and Chuannong12 The selected F7 and F8 near-isogenic lines with relatively simple genetic backgrounds were used as materials to study the disease-resistant expression of wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21. As a result, it was found that resistance to powdery mildew occurred in the F7 near-isogenic lines in three susceptible F6 plants harboring the 6VS.6AL translocation chromosome, and the isolation rate was in accordance with the theoretical value of 13 resistance: 3 disease resistance. Of the F8 near-isogenic lines in the randomly selected F7 susceptible wheat lines, 7/13 of the lines consistently felt powdery mildew, and 6/13 of the lines were resistant to powdery mildew, of which The 2/13 line segregation ratio conformed to 3 susceptible lines: 1 disease resistance, 4/13 line segregation ratio conformed to 13th disease: 3 segregation pattern of disease resistance. This result indicates that the resistance expression of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 in wheat lines is controlled by a dominant-negative gene in the wheat genome derived from the wheat variety Chuannong 12 or R14, For SuPm21. The present study indicates that in the study of introduction of exogenous genes into wheat, advantageous exogenous genes were as important as the genetic resources of the recipient without the suppressor gene.