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人类进入21世纪后,遭遇两个瓶颈问题,严重影响到人类的可持续发展,一个是环境恶化问题,一个是化石能源短缺的问题。有人说,煤炭人类只可以再利用80～100年,石油只可以再利用20～30年。由于这些资源都没有再生能力,必将越用越少。与此同时,化石能源的使用所排出的大量温室气体及其他有害物质,又使化石能源的利用成为全球气候变暖和空气质量恶化的公认祸首。能源短缺、环境恶化,这两个危机同步展现在人类面前。解决的办法,不仅是要通过技术进步,把日益增长的能耗降下来,缓解不可再生的化石资源的日趋减少与社会进步、经济发展之间的矛盾,同时还必须寻找可再生的替代能源。生物质能源具有可再生性、低二氧化碳排放、洁净性、广泛分布性、使用形式多样、生物质燃料总量丰富等基本特点。目前,就总量来讲,生物质能源排位仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气,已经成为世界第四大能源和首屈一指的可再生能源。根据国际能源署和联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会统计,全球可再生能源的77%来源于生物质能源,而生物质能源中的87%是林业生物质能源。开发和利用林业生物质能源,不仅可以缓解能源危机,同时也可以有效减少二氧化碳排放、保护生态安全、改善城乡环境,是应对气候变化的重要途径。
After the 21st century, mankind has encountered two bottlenecks, which have a serious impact on the sustainable development of mankind. One is the deterioration of the environment and the other is the shortage of fossil fuels. Some people say that coal can only be reused for 80-100 years and petroleum can only be reused for 20-30 years. Since none of these resources are regenerative, the less they will be used. At the same time, the large amount of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances emitted from the use of fossil fuels have made the utilization of fossil fuels a recognized culprit in global warming and air quality deterioration. The shortage of energy and the deteriorating environment have shown both of these crises simultaneously. The solution is not only to reduce the growing energy consumption through technological progress but also to alleviate the contradiction between the declining non-renewable fossil resources and social progress and economic development. At the same time, we must find a renewable alternative energy source. Biomass energy has the basic characteristics of renewable, low carbon dioxide emissions, cleanliness, widely distributed, the use of various forms, the total biomass fuel rich. At present, the biomass energy ranks second only to coal, oil and natural gas in terms of the total amount, and has become the fourth largest energy source in the world and the second largest renewable energy source. According to the International Energy Agency and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 77% of the global renewable energy comes from biomass energy, and 87% of biomass energy is forestry biomass energy. To develop and utilize forestry biomass energy can not only relieve the energy crisis, but also effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions, protect ecological security and improve the urban and rural environment. It is an important way to combat climate change.