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由于羟基磷灰石与天然骨中的无机矿物相类似,具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,可和宿主骨形成良好的化学键合,因此成为骨组织工程支架材料中常见的主要成分。骨组织工程支架具有个性化复杂结构,对制造工艺有较高要求,发泡法和冷冻干燥法等传统制造方法难以成形出具有复杂结构的个性化支架。增材制造技术利用计算机辅助设计,采用逐层制造并叠加的原理,理论上可成形出任何形状的三维实体零件。与传统制造工艺相比,该技术在精确制造复杂外部形状、内部微孔结构的骨组织工程支架方面有独特优势。综述了目前利用增材制造技术成形羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的最新研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势。
Hydroxyapatite is a common component in bone tissue engineering scaffolds because it has similar biocompatibility and osteoconductivity to inorganic minerals in natural bones and forms good chemical bonds with the host bone. Bone tissue engineering scaffold with personalized complex structure, high requirements for the manufacturing process, foam and freeze-drying methods and other traditional manufacturing methods difficult to shape with a complex structure of the personalized stent. Additive manufacturing technology using computer-aided design, using layer-by-layer manufacturing and superimposed principle, in theory, can shape any shape of the three-dimensional solid parts. Compared to traditional manufacturing processes, this technology offers unique advantages in the precise manufacture of complex external shapes and internal micro-porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The current research progress of forming hydroxyapatite and its composites by using additive manufacturing technology is reviewed. The development trend in this area is also forecasted.