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孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一组以持续的社会沟通及社会交往缺失和限制性的、重复的行为模式为特征的疾病谱。ASD病因及发病机制至今不明,宫内感染和出生后神经系统发育早期多种感染后可造成ASD发病的增加。病理学与血清学研究结果表明在ASD患者中神经免疫细胞、免疫分子和免疫系统相关基因存在分布、数量和结构的异常,而引起神经免疫功能失调和异常激活的免疫应答。目前神经免疫系统功能紊乱被认为可能与ASD发病存在明显相关性。亦有免疫治疗研究有效的报道。本综述立足于ASD神经免疫学领域研究,介绍了ASD的免疫学治疗方法,为ASD的治疗提供了新的思路。
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of spectrum of diseases characterized by ongoing social communication and lack of social interaction and restrictive and repetitive behavioral patterns. Etiology and pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear, intrauterine infection and early postnatal development of a variety of nervous system can cause increased incidence of ASD. The results of pathology and serology showed that the distribution of neuroimmunocytes, immune molecules and immune system-related genes in ASD patients were abnormal, the number and structure were abnormal, and the immune responses that caused neuro-immune dysfunction and abnormal activation were found. At present, dysfunction of the nervous and immune system is considered to be possibly associated with the onset of ASD. There are also effective reports of immunotherapy research. Based on the field of ASD neuroimmunology, this review introduces the immunological treatment of ASD and provides a new idea for the treatment of ASD.