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鲍林(Linus Pauling)是当代最著名的化学家之一。1954年他因对化学键的本质、晶体和蛋白质结构方面的贡献,获得诺贝尔化学奖;1963年又因唤起公众对大气层核试验所释放的放射线危险的注意,而获得诺贝尔和平奖。鲍林的影响,不仅扩展到整个化学,而且扩展到生物学,扩展到作为科学家应负的社会责任问题。研究有成就的科学家的思想和科学活动,对于我们,尤其是对从事科研和教学的人们,具有重大意义。鲍林,作为将经典化学理论和量子力学结合起来的代表人物,为我国化学界和哲学界所熟悉。鲍林曾于1973年9月和1981年6月来中国进行访问和讲学,受到我国科学工作者的欢迎和敬佩。本文简要介绍了鲍林的科学道路和思想活动,例如童年的好奇心和所受的影响;青年时代的严格训练及养成查阅文献的良好习惯;鲍林对研究者的要求、科研和教学的关系以及失败的教训和研究者的心理等。要是读者能从中得到启发和教益,这将是我们的心愿和目的。 1976年,加利福尼亚大学伯克莱(David Ridgway Berkley)教授访问了鲍林,访问记刊于《化学教育》期刊;1978年,《英国化学》改写为自述形式发表。现据此,将主要内容摘译如下。
Linus Pauling is one of the most famous chemists in the world. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for his contributions to the nature of the chemical bonds, the crystal and the protein structure; in 1963 he received the Nobel Peace Prize for heeding the public’s attention to the radiation risks posed by nuclear tests in the atmosphere. Pauling’s influence not only extends to the whole of chemistry, but also extends to biology and extends to the social responsibility that scientists should shoulder. Studying the thinking and scientific activities of accomplished scientists is of great importance to us, especially to those engaged in scientific research and teaching. Pauling, as a representative of the combination of classical chemistry theory and quantum mechanics, is familiar to Chinese chemists and philosophers. Pauling visited and lectured China in September 1973 and June 1981, and was welcomed and admired by Chinese scientists. This article gives a brief introduction to Pauling’s scientific approach and intellectual activities such as the curiosity and impact of childhood; rigorous training in youth and good habits of access to literature; Pauling’s requirements for researchers, research and teaching Relationships and the lessons of failure and researchers psychology. It would be our wish and purpose if the reader can be inspired and taught. In 1976, Professor David Ridgway Berkley of the University of California visited Pauling and visited journals published in chemistry education. In 1978, “British Chemistry” was rewritten as a memoir. Based on this, the main content of the excerpt below.