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叙述与描写是记叙性文体的最基本的表达形式,犹如雕塑的基本刀法,舞蹈的基本步法一样。从记叙性文体来看,报告文学、文艺通讯之类,叙述的成份多一点;小说、散文的描写成份多一点,但不可能分得一清二楚,两种成份都是有的。有人提出还有抒情,认为叙述、描写、抒情是记叙性文体的三种基本表达形式。这当然也有一点道理。但是在实际写作过程中我们会发现,抒情不是与叙述、描写并列的东西,常常是在叙述中有抒情,在描写中有抒情。叙述是作者在文章中表达内容的一种最经常的行文形式,常常是担负起文章树骨架的作用。通过叙述给人以全貌,使文章衔接、连贯,溶为一体。过去写作理论上一直传下来说,通过叙述要交代出六个“什么”:即
Narratives and descriptions are the most basic expressions of a narrative style, just like the basic swordsmanship of a sculpture and the basic steps of a dance. From a narrative style, reportage, literary and art communication and the like have more narration; the composition of fiction and prose is a bit more, but it is impossible to distinguish them clearly. Both components are available. Some people suggested that there are lyrics and that narratives, descriptions, and lyrics are three basic forms of narration. Of course, this also makes sense. However, in the actual writing process, we will find that lyricism is not something that is narrated and depicted. It is often sensational in the narrative and there are lyrics in the description. Narrative is the most common form of writing that the author expresses in an article, and often assumes the role of the article tree skeleton. Through the narrative to give people the whole picture, the article is connected, coherent, and dissolved. In the past, when writing was theoretically passed down, six “whats” were accounted for through narrative: