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目的:调查长沙地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原的分布,分析其相关因素。方法:应用13种标准化吸入变应原对463例拟诊为变应性鼻炎的患者进行皮肤点刺实验,并详细采集病史资料。结果:387例(83.6%)患者变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率相对较高的变应原依次为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨、美洲大蠊、德国小蠊及狗毛。对单类变应原呈阳性反应的占51.9%,其中大多数是螨类,占49.6%。变应原阳性强弱与家族史、是否伴哮喘、年龄及居住环境显著相关。结论:长沙地区387例变应性鼻炎患者的主要变应原为尘螨,其阳性强弱与遗传、哮喘、年龄及居住环境有关。
Objective: To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Changsha area and analyze the related factors. Methods: Thirteen kinds of standardized inhalation allergens were used to skin prick test in 463 patients who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis, and the history data were collected in detail. Results: The allergens were positive in 387 patients (83.6%). The allergens with high positive rates were dust mite, house dust mite, tropical mite, American cockroach, German cockroach and dog fur. Of the single-allergen positive reaction accounted for 51.9%, most of them mites, accounting for 49.6%. Allergen positive and weak and family history, whether associated with asthma, age and living environment were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The main allergen of 387 patients with allergic rhinitis in Changsha is dust mite. The positive and weak allergens are related to heredity, asthma, age and living environment.