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目的:研究慢性鼻炎大鼠嗅黏膜超微结构和细胞凋亡情况,探讨慢性鼻炎性嗅觉损伤性疾病的发病机制,为开拓新的治疗途径提供思路。方法:应用TUNEL法测定20例慢性鼻炎大鼠嗅黏膜(鼻炎组)和20例正常大鼠嗅黏膜(对照组)中细胞原位凋亡情况。用光镜和透射电镜对鼻炎组和对照组大鼠的嗅黏膜进行形态学观察。结果:①透射电镜观察:鼻炎组大鼠部分嗅黏膜上皮细胞肿胀、脱落、坏死,细胞排列紊乱,细胞形态不规则;支持细胞核椭圆,其内染色质团块状凝聚、边集,细胞质密度下降;嗅细胞表面的纤毛减少、脱落,纤毛基体可见,脱落的纤毛分散于细胞间;细胞表面的微绒毛减少或消失,部分细胞核膜缺损,表现出细胞凋亡的形态学改变;细胞间有炎细胞浸润;基底膜裸露,细胞排列紊乱;嗅腺细胞呈柱状,细胞间隙加大,腔面内分泌物增多。对照组大鼠嗅黏膜上皮细胞排列整齐,支持细胞和嗅细胞呈间隔排列,基底膜完整,嗅腺结构完整,腔面微绒毛丰富,腔内有少量的浆液。②鼻炎组大鼠嗅黏膜中细胞凋亡指数显著高于对照组,经小样本均数t检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:慢性鼻炎大鼠嗅黏膜可出现由表及里的超微结构变化,嗅上皮和固有层中均存在显著的细胞凋亡。
OBJECTIVE: To study the ultrastructure and apoptosis of olfactory mucosa in chronic rhinitis rats, and to explore the pathogenesis of chronic rhinorrhaphy olfactory damage and to provide ideas for exploring new therapeutic approaches. Methods: TUNEL method was used to detect the in situ cell apoptosis in olfactory mucosa of 20 chronic rhinitis rats (rhinitis group) and 20 normal rat olfactory mucosa (control group). Olfactory mucosa of rhinitis group and control group were observed with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results: (1) Transmission electron microscope showed that part of olfactory mucosa epithelial cells in swollen rhinitis group swollen, detached, and necrotic, the cells were disordered and the cell morphology was irregular. The supporting cells were oval, the agglomeration of choroid lumps, ; The surface of the olfactory cell cilia reduce, shedding, visible cilia matrix, shedding of cilia dispersed in the cells; microvilli on the cell surface to reduce or disappear, part of the nuclear membrane defects, showing morphological changes in apoptosis; intercellular inflammation Cell infiltration; basement membrane exposed, disordered cells; olfactory gland cells were columnar, cell gap increased, the cavity surface secretion increased. The olfactory mucosa epithelial cells in the control group were arranged neatly, the supporting cells and olfactory cells were arranged at intervals, the basement membrane was intact, the olfactory gland was intact, the surface of microvilli was rich, and a small amount of serous fluid existed in the cavity. ② The apoptotic index in olfactory mucosa of rhinitis group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The changes of ultrastructure in olfactory mucosa of chronic rhinitis rat can be observed in both epidermis and lamina propria, and significant apoptosis exists in olfactory epithelium and lamina propria.