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朱自清(1898—1948),原名自华,字佩弦,号秋实,江苏扬州人,原籍浙江绍兴,现代著名的散文家、诗人、学者。作为一位在现代文学史上非常著名的人物,朱自清也把毕生精力献给了语文教育事业,是与夏丏尊、叶圣陶等齐名的语文教育家。他的语文教育思想涉及国文教学的诸多方面,诸如从国文教学目的到国文读写训练,从国文教法到国文教材编写,从经典训练到学生人格养成等。其中,他关于教师讲解与学生涵泳的关系、作品欣赏能力的培养、作文训练、经典训练、学生人格养成等方面的见解与同时期语文教育家相比,有许多新颖、独特之处,对我国当前的语文教育改革仍具有极强的指导意义。《论教本与写作》既提出了教材编写的意见,也凸显了他写作训练的主张:(1)反对写作文言文,主张写作白话文。(2)反对创作倾向,主张写作应用文。(3)选择假想读者为写作对象。(4)以报刊体为写作训练的切近目标。《论诵读》和《古文学的欣赏》涉及他阅读训练方面的主张,文章重点阐释了提高文学欣赏能力的见解,提出诵读和分析、了解语言文字是培养作品欣赏能力的基本途径。虽然这些文章的写作年代已离我们远去,但是文章渗透的语文教育精神对当今教育实践仍有导向作用。
Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), formerly known as China, the word Pei string, the number of autumn real, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, modern famous essayist, poet and scholar. As a very famous figure in the history of modern literature, Zhu Ziqing devoted his whole life to the cause of Chinese education. He is a Chinese language educator who enjoys the same reputation as Xia Zunzun and Ye Shengtao. His Chinese education involves many aspects of Chinese teaching, ranging from the teaching of Chinese to the reading and writing of Chinese, the teaching of Chinese to Chinese, the training from classical to the development of student personality. Among them, he has many novel and unique points about the relationship between teachers ’explanations and students’ swimming and swimming, the ability to cultivate their works, writing training, classical training and student’s personality development. Compared with Chinese educators in the same period, The current Chinese education reform in our country still has very strong guiding significance. “On the textbook and writing” both put forward the views of the preparation of teaching materials, but also highlights his writing training claims: (1) opposed to writing classical Chinese, advocating writing vernacular. (2) oppose creative tendency, advocating writing application. (3) Select the imaginary reader as the object of writing. (4) to newspaper body as the writing training close target. “Reading on” and “appreciation of ancient literature” involve his advocacy in reading training. The article mainly expounds the opinion on improving literary appreciation ability, and proposes that recitation and analysis and understanding of language and writing are the basic ways to cultivate the ability to appreciate works. Although the writing age of these articles has been far away from us, the language education spirit infiltrated by the essay still plays a guiding role in today’s educational practice.