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例1:女性,23岁。发热、头痛、畏光、流泪7天,泛发皮疹4天入院。皮疹先后在面部,颈、躯干、四肢、手掌、足底部出现。出疹同时出现剧烈咳嗽,痰少、气促、胸骨后疼痛,端坐位呼吸,眼结膜出血。入院前1天当地医院诊断为“麻疹”,胸片示纵隔气肿,颈胸部广泛性皮下气肿,支气管肺炎。既往无麻疹史,近期有麻疹密切接触史,未接种过麻疹疫苗。体检:T36℃,P132次/分,R40次/分,BP16/10kPa。端坐呼吸,面颈部、躯干、四肢泛发红色斑丘疹,舌红,咽部充血。面颈部、前胸部触之捻发感,两肺部闻及少量干湿性罗音,心率132次/分。腹软,肝肋下lcm、质软,脾未及。血WBC4.6×10~9/L,N0.53,L0.45。经吸氧及青霉素、丁胺卡那霉素,地塞米松等静滴后,皮疹逐渐消退,症状改善,胸片复查纵隔气肿、皮下气肿消退,治愈出院。
Example 1: Female, 23 years old. Fever, headache, photophobia, tearing for 7 days and generalized rash 4 days admitted. Rash successively in the face, neck, trunk, limbs, palms, feet appear. Rash accompanied by severe cough, sputum less, shortness of breath, chest pain, end seat breathing, conjunctival hemorrhage. One day before admission, the local hospital diagnosed as “measles”, chest X-ray showed mediastinal emphysema, cervical subcutaneous emphysema, bronchial pneumonia. No previous history of measles, measles in recent exposure to history, not vaccinated against measles. Physical examination: T36 ℃, P132 beats / min, R40 beats / min, BP16 / 10kPa. Sitting and breathing, face and neck, trunk, red rash panic limbs, red tongue, throat congestion. Face and neck, the front of the chest touch the sense of twisting, two lungs smell a small amount of wet and dry rales, heart rate 132 beats / min. Abdomen soft, liver ribs lcm, soft, spleen and time. Blood WBC4.6 × 10 ~ 9 / L, N0.53, L0.45. The oxygen and penicillin, amikacin, dexamethasone and other intravenous drip, the rash subsided, the symptoms improved, chest X-ray examination mediastinal emphysema, subcutaneous emphysema faded, cured and discharged.