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遗传变异性是品种改良的基础.分子标记检测的结果表明:我国水稻品种的遗传变异性较低,其主要原因是育种计划中所用亲本的亲缘较近;骨干亲本的遗传变异性不高,育成品种的产量徘徊.应该利用分子图谱,在基因型的基础上评价种质资源,在多样化的种质中发掘有利基因,应用发现有利基因与标记辅助选择同步进行的育种策略,促进水稻的持续高产.“,”The variety improvement is based on the exploitation of genetic variations. The degree of genetic variations detected with molecular markers among commercial varieties in China was low. The narrow genetic base was mainly due to the close relationship among parents frequently used in breeding program. The limited genetic diversity among the major parents might jeopardize the potential for sustained genetic improvement over the long term. Molecular maps should be used in the genotype-based eveluation of germplasm resources and useful genes would be discovered in diversified germplasm. The strategy of combining the useful gene discovery and marker-assisted selection would facilitate the sustainably higher yield in rice production.