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Objective: To evaluate the effects of Aidi injection on vinorelbine plus cisplatin (NP) chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Ninety eight patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive either NP alone or NP plus Aidi injection every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints included overall response rate, time to progression, and safety. Results: The median overall survival time was 11.6 months in NP plus Aidi-treated patients and 10.1 months in NP alone-treated ones, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were higher in the former (47% and 22%) than the latter (42% and 15%). The overall response rates in Aidi injection plus NP-treated patients tended to be higher but not statistically significant compared with NP alone-treated ones. The occurrence rates of grades 3 or 4 toxicities, e.g. fatigue, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, were lower in Aidi injection plus NP-treated patients than NP alone-treated ones, although not significantly different between them. Conclusion: Aidi injection promotes NP chemotherapeutic effects, reduces the toxicities, and improves the patients tolerance to chemotherapy as well. It may be an effective adjunct to chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC.