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在低水平α、β放射性测量中,可以采用不同的探测器,如半导体探测器,闪烁计数器及流气式正比计数管等。 半导体探测器对带电粒子的测量,有较高的探测效率和较低的本底。由于我国目前生产的探测器有效面积较小,使仪器探测灵敏度受到限制,加之它的表面机械性能较差,污染后去污不方便,且容易损坏。 ZnS(Ag)闪烁计数器具有良好的鉴别α粒子和β、γ辐射的能力,本底较低,可用于α粒子的测量,但探测效率不高。
In low-level α, β radioactivity measurements, different detectors can be used, such as semiconductor detectors, scintillation counters, and flow-through proportional counters. Semiconductor detectors for the measurement of charged particles, have a higher detection efficiency and lower background. Due to the smaller effective area of detectors currently manufactured in our country, the detection sensitivity of the instruments is limited. In addition, the mechanical properties of the surface are poor, and the decontamination is inconvenient and easily damaged after the pollution. The ZnS (Ag) scintillation counter has a good ability of distinguishing alpha particles and beta and gamma radiation. The background is low and can be used for the measurement of alpha particles, but the detection efficiency is not high.