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目的:了解云南省HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿营养现状并分析其影响因素,为受艾滋病影响儿童实施营养干预奠定基础。方法:抽取云南省艾滋病高度、中度流行区HIV感染女性所生0~36月龄婴幼儿300例及主要看护者为研究对象,自制调查问卷,并测量婴幼儿身长、体重及血红蛋白值。结果:①婴幼儿均为人工喂养,6月龄时辅食添加率为99.6%;6~12月龄婴儿添加蛋类、肉类、豆类及动物肝血的比例分别为91.3%、95.8%、81.4%和69.2%;婴幼儿进食食物以谷类和水果为主,蔬菜、肉类、蛋类次之,豆类及动物肝血添加较少。24 h膳食回顾发现:婴幼儿能量摄入不足比例占50.0%,蛋白质摄入不足比例占38.0%。生长迟缓者占21.3%,低体重者占18.7%,消瘦者占6.0%,贫血患病率为14.3%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:低出生体重、母亲是少数民族、母亲文化水平低及蛋类添加频率低是婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素。结论:云南省HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿蛋白质-热能营养不良患病率较高,主要与低出生体重、母亲文化水平低及补充喂养不合理有关,提示应加强对HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿的喂养指导,必要时给予营养救助。
Objective: To understand the nutritional status of infants and young children born to HIV-infected women in Yunnan province and to analyze the influential factors, so as to lay the foundation for the implementation of nutritional intervention in children affected by HIV / AIDS. Methods: 300 HIV-infected women aged from 0 to 36 months in HIV-positive and moderate-prevalence areas in Yunnan province were recruited as study subjects and their main caregivers were included in the questionnaire. The body length, body weight and hemoglobin were measured. Results: ①The infants and young children were all fed artificially. The feeding rate of complementary food was 99.6% at 6 months of age. The percentage of liver, liver, liver and blood of 6 ~ 12 months old children were 91.3% and 95.8% 81.4% and 69.2% respectively. Infants and young children mainly eat cereals and fruits, followed by vegetables, meat and eggs, and add less blood and blood to beans and animals. 24 h dietary review found that: infant and young child energy intake accounted for 50.0% of the total lack of protein intake accounted for 38.0%. Growth retardation accounted for 21.3%, low weight accounted for 18.7%, weight loss accounted for 6.0%, the prevalence of anemia was 14.3%. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that: low birth weight, mothers are minorities, low educational level of mothers and low frequency of egg addiction are risk factors for infant and young child’s growth retardation. Conclusion: The prevalence of protein-heat malnutrition among infants and young children born from HIV-infected women in Yunnan province is high, mainly related to low birth weight, low mother’s educational level and unreasonable feeding, suggesting that HIV / AIDS-infected women Feeding guide, if necessary, to provide nutritional assistance.