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新批评主义提倡的文本细读被视为文学批评的基本方法之一,对当今的文学批评尤其是诗歌批评产生着深远的影响。然而新批评的文本分析大多是针对作品的语言文字及修辞,多属于有关文学作品创作手段的分析,即分析作品中作者如何运用语言进行创作的种种规律与技巧,主要为读者提供对语言运用规律与技巧的技术层面的鉴赏与批评;由于新批评主义很少考虑文本语言分析以外的因素,因此新批评主义者对诸如作者本人、作者作品的创作背景与动因、作者的作品与人性、与社会、与自然之间的人文关系的鉴赏与批评则有所缺失。因此笔者以为,文学批评除文本分析以外还要有对诸如作者本人、作者作品的创作背景与动因、作者的作品与人性、与社会、与自然之间的人文关系的鉴赏与批评,可称之为“以人为本”的“人本”分析。如此,文学批评则更为科学、有益。
The thin text advocated by the new criticism is regarded as one of the basic methods of literary criticism, which has a far-reaching impact on the contemporary literary criticism, especially poetry criticism. However, most of the textual analysis of the new criticism is directed at the works of the language and rhetoric, mostly pertaining to the analysis of literary means of creation, that is, the analysis of the author of the works how to use the language to create the laws and skills, mainly to provide readers with the law of the use of language And criticism. As the new critics seldom consider the factors other than textual language analysis, the new critics make some suggestions on the creative background and motivation of the author’s works, such as the author’s works and human nature, and the society There is a lack of appreciation and criticism of the human relations with nature. Therefore, I think, in addition to text analysis, literary criticism should also have the appreciation and criticism of the creative background and motivation of the author’s work, the author’s work and human nature, and the humanistic relationship between society and nature. For the “people-oriented” “people-oriented ” analysis. In this way, literary criticism is more scientific and beneficial.