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蛋白质糖基化是一种最常见也是最复杂的蛋白质翻译后修饰过程,是指蛋白质或脂质附加上聚糖的过程。糖蛋白的聚糖部分的重要功能之一是维持多细胞生物体细胞的稳态。糖基化过程在外界生物化学环境的影响下会发生改变,包括生理条件的改变和某些特殊疾病状况例如癌症,从而导致糖链结构的改变。目前由于传统癌症标志物灵敏度和特异度较低,导致癌症不能在疾病早期阶段被识别,寻找新的癌症诊断标志物成为癌症研究的重要方向之一。近年来,糖基组学技术的进步为深入分析糖链结构提供了有力条件。因此,寻找合适的糖基作为癌症诊断的新的标志物成为癌症研究的热点。本篇综述阐释了聚糖作为癌症诊断标志物这一研究方向的进展状况。
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common and complex protein posttranslational modification processes, which refers to the process of attaching proteins or lipids to glycans. One of the important functions of the glycoprotein glycan moiety is to maintain the homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The glycosylation process changes under the influence of the external biochemical environment, including changes in physiological conditions and certain special conditions such as cancer, resulting in changes in sugar chain structure. At present, due to the low sensitivity and specificity of traditional cancer markers, cancer can not be identified in the early stages of the disease, and finding new diagnostic markers of cancer has become one of the important directions for cancer research. In recent years, advances in glycomics have provided powerful conditions for in-depth analysis of sugar chain structure. Therefore, finding the right glycosylation as a new marker for cancer diagnosis has become a hot topic in cancer research. This review illustrates the status of glycan as a diagnostic marker of cancer.