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本文试图探索汉唐几个具有典型意义的皇帝与道家方士的复杂关系 ,研究他们之间的契合和悖离、利用和反利用 ,以说明道家方士对中国古代皇权政治曾起过不容忽视的作用。方士们确以不同方式介入过不同时期的政局 ,而作为国家首脑的皇帝也确曾经主动延揽 ,吹捧其威望和能量 ,授予相当权柄 ,因而对国政起过很大的影响。研究汉唐时期政治 ,是绝不能将道家方士的活动排除在外的。本文也认为 ,皇帝们宠用方士 ,其动机和态度是存在着巨大差异的 ,即有出于对宗教信仰的执着和虔诚 ,但更多则是基于实际统治需要 ,或两者兼而有之 ,将信仰和治术结合起来 ,巧为运用。当然 ,对于被称为方士的历史人物也不能笼统而论 ,他们之间的学理素养、道术修炼和人生追求、辅政的主张 ,甚至人品和活动方式都有巨大的不同。对于皇权和方士有代表性的人物及其活动 ,都必应因时因人因皇具体分析 ,尽可能公平地评价
This paper attempts to explore the complex relationship between Han and Tang Dynasty, with some typical significance of the emperor and Taoist alchemist, to study their fit and deviation, utilization and anti-utilization, to illustrate the Taoist alchemist China ancient imperial power had played an important role to be ignored . Alchemists indeed intervened in different ways in different periods of the political situation, and as the head of state, the emperor did indeed take the initiative to enlist, touted his prestige and energy, and granted considerable authority, thus exerting a tremendous influence over state affairs. To study the politics during Han and Tang Dynasties must not exclude the activities of Taoist alchemists. This article also argues that the motives and attitudes of emperors who use alchemists are vastly different, that is, they are out of perseverance and devotion to religious beliefs, but more are based on the actual need of ruling, or both , The combination of faith and surgery, clever use. Of course, the historical figures who are called alchemists can not be generalized. Their academic qualifications, Taoist practice and pursuit of life, the views of the government, and even the way of character and activity are all very different. For the representative figures and their activities of imperial power and alchemist, they should all be assessed as fair as possible because of the specific analysis of human beings