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世界上许多地区,在发展中面临着生态环境日益恶化的问题。它是人口暴增对自然环境与日俱增的压力,尤其是工业化发展、过度物质主义追求、高消费文化等必然导致的结果,是人类社会现代化进程中普遍面临的难题。因此,在工业化和现代化发源地,出现植被破坏、水土流失、工业污染,动植物灭绝等生态危机和灾难的欧美地区,最先发起了“保护自然”运动。从19世纪中下叶开始,欧美各国纷纷设立国家公园、自然保护区等,旨在保护动植物生存的理想家园,以及人类珍贵的自然与历史文化遗产。
In many parts of the world, the development is facing the problem of deteriorating ecological environment. It is the inevitable result of the surging population pressure on the natural environment, especially the development of industrialization, the pursuit of excessive materialism and the culture of high consumption. It is a common problem facing the modernization of human society. Therefore, in Europe and the United States where ecological crisis and disaster such as vegetation destruction, soil erosion, industrial pollution, extinction of animals and plants occur in the industrialized and modernized birthplaces, the “Nature Protection” campaign was first launched. Starting from the middle and late 19th century, Europe and the United States have set up national parks and nature reserves in succession, which aim to protect the ideal homeland for the survival of animals and plants and the precious natural, historical and cultural heritage of mankind.