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一、引言位错理论成功地解释了有关金属材料塑性变形和强度的一系列重要的实际问题。现在,利用减少位错的办法制造出来的晶须已经可以十倍、百倍地提高金属的强度,因而位错理论的研究成为固体强度理论的一个重要组成部分。它的研究具有重大的理论和实际意义。在研究位错理论的实验方法中,腐蚀的方法是一个简易而灵敏的方法。近年来腐蚀法得到了很大的发展,已经在很多晶体上找到了显示位错的选择性腐蚀剂。但是在目前,除了少数晶体外,很多晶体中,特别是金属晶体中,显示位错的腐蚀方法,还处在
I. INTRODUCTION The dislocation theory successfully explains a series of important practical problems concerning the plastic deformation and strength of metal materials. Now, the use of dislocations to create whiskers has been able to ten times increase the metal strength, so the dislocation theory has become an important part of the theory of solid strength. Its research has great theoretical and practical significance. In the experimental method to study dislocation theory, the method of corrosion is a simple and sensitive method. In recent years, the corrosion method has been greatly developed. Many selective etchants have been found on dislocations. However, at present, in addition to a few crystals, many crystals, particularly metal crystals, show a method of etching for dislocations,