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对于20世纪以来西方文学理论与批评历史演化的脉络审视,时下某些观点常常将之归纳为“由外向内”与“由内而外”的因果循环,并得出前者注重“自律本质”而后者留恋“他治功能”的价值评判。继而,据此把对文学的审美研究和文化研究视为互不相容的研究类型区隔开来。可是,正如美国理论家拉尔夫·科恩所指出的,“要认识到原有理论中哪些部分仍在持续,哪些业己废弃,就需要检验文学转变的过程本身”1。这句话虽然简略,却使我们明确意识到:
For the review of the historical evolution of Western literary theory and criticism since the 20th century, some of the presentadays often summarize it as a causal cycle of “from outside to inside ” and “from the inside out ”, and come to the conclusion that the former focuses on “Self-discipline nature” and the latter nostalgia “he rule function ” value judgments. This, in turn, separates the study of aesthetic and cultural studies of literature from incompatible types of research. However, as American theorist Ralph Cohen points out, “In order to recognize which parts of the original theory are still ongoing and which have been abandoned, the process of literary change needs to be examined.” Although this sentence is brief, it clearly reminds us of: